1st lesson - group 1

Question 1

Theories of Leadership:

Answer 1

•Trait Theories
•Situational or Contingency-Based Theories
•Behavioral Theories
•Leader-Member Exchange Theory

Question 2

Much of the early research on leadership focused on identifying personality traits that could distinguish leaders from nonleaders.

Answer 2

Trait Theories

Question 3

Intelligence, self-confidence, a high energy level, and technical knowledge about the task at hand are positively correlated with leadership abilities (Robbins, 2005).

Answer 3

Trait Theories

Question 4

Focus more on leaders and less on followers.

Answer 4

Trait Theories

Question 5

Five basic personality characteristics:

Answer 5

•extroversion
•conscientiousness
•openness to experience
•agreeableness
•emotional stability

Question 6

one’s comfort level with relationships

Answer 6

extroversion

Question 7

how reliable a person is

Answer 7

conscientiousness

Question 8

an individual’s range of interests and fascination with novelty

Answer 8

openness to experience

Question 9

an individual’s propensity to defer to others

Answer 9

agreeableness

Question 10

a person’s ability to withstand stress

Answer 10

emotional stability

Question 11

(Behavioral Theories)

three basic leadership styles:

Answer 11

• autocratic leaders
• democratic leaders
• laissez-faire leaders

Question 12

make all the decisions and allow for no or very little input from the employees.

Answer 12

Autocratic leaders

Question 13

consult with their subordinates and allow them some input in the decision-making process.

Answer 13

Democratic leaders

Question 14

allow employees complete autonomy.

Answer 14

Laissez-faire leaders

Question 15

(Situational or Contingency-Based Theories)

three basic dimensions:

Answer 15

•Task orientation
•Relationship orientation
•Follower readiness

Question 16

refers to the extent to which a leader engages in one-way communication by defining the roles of individuals and members of the group by explaining what each subordinate is to do, as well as when, where, how much, and by when specific tasks are to be accomplished.

Answer 16

Task orientation

Question 17

This dimension also includes the extent to which the leader defines the structure of the organization (i.e., chain of command) and specifies ways of getting jobs accomplished.

Answer 17

Task orientation

Question 18

refers to the extent to which the leader engages in two-way communication, provides socioemotional support, and uses facilitative versus directive efforts of bringing about group change.

Answer 18

Relationship orientation

Question 19

This component takes into account the establishment of effective interpersonal relationships between the leader and the group based on trust.

Answer 19

Relationship orientation

Question 20

is related the group’s or individual’s willingness or ability to accept responsibility for a task and the possession of the necessary training or experience to pertorm the task.

Answer 20

Follower readiness

Question 21

Four quadrants of the three basic dimensions:

Answer 21

•High task/low relationship
•High task/high relationship
•Low task/high Relationship
•Low task/low relationship

Question 22

The leader determines the roles and goals of the group and closely supervises the task.
Communication is one way and usually flows from the leader to the followers.
• This style, also known as telling, is most appropriate when followers are unable/unwilling or insecure (R1).

Answer 22

High task/low relationship

Question 24

The leader still closely supervises the task but will also explain why decisions are made. The leader may alter the plan given the followers’ reactions.
• This style, also known as selling, is most appropriate when followers are unable but more willing or secure (R2).

Answer 24

High task/high relationship

Question 25

the leader is more concerned about process and how the group works together to accomplish the task rather than the task itself. • also called participative or supportive, the leader still may define the problem but supports the group's efforts at accomplishing the task. • Followers in this case are able but unwilling or insecure (R3).

Answer 25

Low Task/High Relationship

Question 26

The leader turns over all decisions and responsibility for task accomplish- ment, goal attainment, and implementation to fol- lowers. The leader may be available for consultation but usually maintains a low profile. • In this case, also called delegation, followers are very able, willing, and secure (R4).

Answer 26

Low task/low relationship

Question 27

This theory suggests that leaders establish special relationships with a small group of followers early on in the tenure of the leader.

Answer 27

Leader-Member Exchange Theory (LMX)

Question 28

One of the more recent additions to contingency- based leadership theories relates leadership behavior and participation in decision making (Vroom and Yetton, 1973).

Answer 28

Leader-Member Exchange Theory (LMX)