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Micro 2014 Unit 1 > 1st Lecture: Introduction Infectious Dz in the 21st Century > Flashcards

1st Lecture: Introduction Infectious Dz in the 21st Century Flashcards

1
Q

What is the learning objectives of this lecture?

A

To know the recent trends in the prevalence and severity of infectious diseases.

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2
Q

What are the 4 pandemics due to previously-unknown microorganisms in the 21st century?

A
  1. SARS
  2. Swine flue (H1N1)
  3. MERS
  4. Type 2 diabetes
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3
Q

What are the 2 trends seen in the 21st century infectious dz?

A
  1. Continuing reduction of vaccine-preventable infections

2. Increase in Pertussis, Legionella

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4
Q

What are the 4 pandemics due to previously-unknown microorganisms in the 21st century?

A
  1. SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)
  2. Swine flu
  3. MERS
  4. Type-2 diabetes
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5
Q

How did SARS begin and how did it spread?

A

Started in China and spread to Hong Kong

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6
Q

What was the pathogen that caused SARS?

A

Attributed to an animal (Civet) coronavirus that mutated and adapted to humans.

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7
Q

Where did H1N1 start?

A

Mexico

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8
Q

Where did MERS start?

A

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome - Started in Saudi in Saudi Arabia

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9
Q

What caused MERS?

A

Coronavirus that appeared in humans in 2011

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of Type-2 diabetes as one of the pandemics?

A
  1. Transmission resembles as infection condition.
  2. Modification of the microbiome of experiment animals can induce T2D.
  3. Patients have differences in intestinal microorganisms, but no specific pathogens have been found.
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11
Q

What is the incidence rate used for recording infection?

A

rate / 100,000

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12
Q

What is the incidence rate for common cold in USA?

A

25,000

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13
Q

What is the incidence rate of Measles?

A

less than 1

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14
Q

What is the incidence rate of AIDS?

A

13

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of SARS?

A
  1. New, highly contagious pneumonia

2. World-wide 8000 cases and 10% case fatal

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16
Q

What was the origin of SARS?

A

Live animal market in Guandong, China

17
Q

Where did swine flu (H1N1 influenza) start?

A

Mexico in 2009 –> a hotel, Hong Kong

18
Q

What is the animal that carried MERS?

A

Camels

19
Q

What is the incidence rate for pneumonia?

A

10

20
Q

What are the two viruses that have been responsible for 21st century pandemics, with animal sources being important?

A

Coronaviruses and influenza viruses

21
Q

What is the incident rate for Gonorrhea?

A

100

22
Q

What is the incident rate for Influenza?

A

25

Micro 2014 Unit 1 (7 decks)

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