1st half review

Question 1

Government

Answer 1

Institution with the power to make and enforce rules for a group of people

Question 2

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 2

English enlightenment philosopher
wrote about how people were selfish and needed a strong government (absolute monarchy) (Leviathan)
called it a social contract

Question 3

John Locke

Answer 3

Wrote about social contract; wrote about natural writes
believed it was the governments obligation to protect the governed
people were capable of governing themselves

Question 4

Montesquieu

Answer 4

Believed that England had the best form of government because the balanced powers of competing groups of society
believed in separation of powers, checks and balances, and limited government

Question 5

Natural rights

Answer 5

the idea that all persons have these rights just because they are human - life, liberty, and property

Question 6

Democracy

Answer 6

A system of government in which power is shared by all the people

Question 7

Monarchy

Answer 7

All power is in the hands of one individual (absolute monarchy
Monarch is representative while government is in control (constitutional monarchy)

Question 8

Dictatorship

Answer 8

Government established by military commander ruling with absolute power

Question 9

Republic

Answer 9

A government where citizens elect representatives to lead the executive (President) and Legislative (congress) branch

Question 10

Capitilism

Answer 10

System in which individuals own the factors of production and have the right to use those resources in any way they choose within the limits of the law (true free market)

Question 11

1st amendment rights

Answer 11

Freedom of speech, press, assembly, religion, and petition. Not protected if creates dangerous situation

Question 12

Federal reserve system

Answer 12

System that helps stabilize the nation’s economy and promote economic growth.
12 district banks function as private banks

Question 13

2 main functions of government

Answer 13

Maintain order

Provide necessary services

Question 14

Difference between democracies and republics

Answer 14

Democracy - the people have all the day in votes and it’s whoever outvotes the other (majority over man)

Republic - basic rights protect the minority from being completely unrepresented or overridden by the majority

Question 15

Difference between socialist and communist communities

Answer 15

Communist - run by totalitarian leaders that dominate every aspect of society

Socialist - doesn’t have that type of harsh, repressive rule

Question 16

What is monetary policy?

Answer 16

It’s how the federal reserve controls money supply. They adjust discount rates (effects interest rates) and reserve requirements to adjust economic conditions.

Recession - discount rate down interest rates down
Inflation - discount rates up interest rates up

Question 17

Where does the U.S. Government get most of it’s revenue?

Answer 17

Income taxes

Question 18

Which court case guaranteed the 6th amendment?

Answer 18

Gideon v. Wainwright

Right to an attorney

Question 19

Which court case guaranteed the 5th amendment?

Answer 19

Miranda v. Arizona

No self incrimination and know your rights

Question 20

Brown v. Board of education guaranteed which right?

Answer 20

14th amendment - equal protection under the law