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[MT 6319] Molecular Biology & Diagnostics Lecture > [1S] UNIT 1.1 Introduction to Molecular Biology & Diagnostics > Flashcards

[1S] UNIT 1.1 Introduction to Molecular Biology & Diagnostics Flashcards

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1
Q

● Biological activity at the molecular level
● Biology and chemistry

A

Molecular Biology

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2
Q

T/F: The science of Molecular Biology is very universal

A

T

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3
Q

● Polymerase chain reaction
● Molecular cloning
● Gel electrophoresis
● Macromolecule blotting and probing
● Microarrays
● Allele-specific oligonucleotide

A

Molecular Techniques

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4
Q

MACROMOLECULE BLOTTING & PROBING

Southern Blot
● Target molecule
● Sample preparation
● Separation

A

DNA
DNA extraction enzymatic digestion
Electrophoresis

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5
Q

MACROMOLECULE BLOTTING & PROBING

Northern Blot
● Target molecule
● Sample preparation
● Separation

A

RNA
RNA isolation
Electrophoresis

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6
Q

MACROMOLECULE BLOTTING & PROBING

Western Blot
● Target molecule
● Sample preparation
● Separation

A

Protein
Protein extraction
Electrophoresis

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7
Q

MACROMOLECULE BLOTTING & PROBING

Southern Blot
● Membrane material
● Probe
● Probe label
● Detection methods

A

● Nylon
● Nucleic acid probe with sequence homologous to target
● Radiolabel, enzyme
● X-ray, film, chemiluminescence

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8
Q

MACROMOLECULE BLOTTING & PROBING

Northern Blot
● Membrane material
● Probe
● Probe label
● Detection methods

A

● Nylon
● RNA, DNA, or oligodeoxynucleotide
● Radiolabel, enzyme
● X-ray, film, chemiluminescence

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9
Q
A
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10
Q

STAGES OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS DESCRIPTIONS

Diagnostic tests to complement traditional risk factors

A

Risk Assessment

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11
Q

STAGES OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

Implement wellness programs proactively

A

Risk Assessment

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11
Q

STAGES OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS DESCRIPTION

Use for definitive diagnosis and general typing

A

Diagnosis

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12
Q

STAGES OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS DESCRIPTION

Applied to high-rish patient to identify disease early

A

Screening

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12
Q

STAGES OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

Nip disease in the bud with early treatment

A

Screening

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13
Q

STAGES OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

Refer to the appropriate specialist

A

Diagnosis

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14
Q

STAGES OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS DESCRIPTION

Access severity and/or risk of recurrence
Inform adjuvant therapy decision

A

Staging and Prognosis

14
Q

STAGES OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

Determine whether treatment is necessary

A

Staging and Prognosis

15
Q

STAGES OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS DESCRIPTION

Used to predict efficacy or safety response to specific treatments

A

Therapy Selection

16
Q

STAGES OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

Do not waste unproductive therapy

A

Therapy Selection

17
Q

STAGES OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

Control disease progression with changes in treatment

A

Monitoring

17
Q

4 Molecular Diagnostics

A

Diagnostic - better/faster
Prognostic - more powerful
Predictive - preventive
Therapeutic - more personalized

17
Q

STAGES OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS DESCRIPTION

Recurrence monitoring
Monitoring for treatment efficacy

A

Monitoring

18
Q

4 Applications for Molecular Biology

A

● Molecular Genetics
● Infectious Disease
● Molecular Oncology
● Theragnostics

18
Q

MOLECULAR GENETICS

susceptibility test usually aiming at a low risk population

A

Genetic Screening

19
Q

MOLECULAR GENETICS

analysis of DNA or biomarkers for the evaluation of one or more genetic risk factors for a particular disease or disease group.

A

Genetic Testing

20
Q
A
20
Q

These are pathogens commonly identified using ______
● Respiratory viruses - COVID
● Herpesviruses
● Clostridium difficile
● Staphylococcus aureus
● Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)
● Streptococcus pyogenes
● Streptococcus agalactiae
● Bordetella pertussis

A

Nucleotide Acid Amplification Test (NAATS)

21
Q

What kind of infections are the ff
● Neisseria gonorrhoeae
● Chlamydia trachomatis
● Trichomonas vaginalis
● Mycoplasma genitalium

A

Sexually transmitted infections

22
Q
A
22
Q
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23
Q
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23
Q

Challenges of Molecular Biology & Diagnostics

A

● Physical Facility / Laboratory Set-up
● Cost
● Education & Training
● Ethical, Legal and Social implications
● Quality Assurance
● Assay Development

24
Q
A
24
Q

application of genomic technology to new drug discovery and development

A

THERAGNOSTICS: Pharmacogenomics

25
Q

● inherited changes in phenotype (appearance) or gene expression caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence.
● these changes may remain through cell divisions for the remainder of the cell’s life and may also last for multiple generations.

A

Epigenetics

26
Q

CHALLENGES

● Informed consent
● Genetic Counselling
● Confidentiality
● Genetic exclusion

A

Ethical, Legal, Social Implications

26
Q

● Known genetic sequence variation
● Specific assay: primer design

A

Assay Development

[MT 6319] Molecular Biology & Diagnostics Lecture (9 decks)

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