[1S] UNIT 1.1 Historical Background Taxonomy Flashcards
Systematic study of organisms that are too small to be seen by the naked eye
Microbiology
Involves the study of:
• Bacteria
• Viruses
• Parasites
• Fungi
Microbiology
suggested disease is caused by “invisible living creatures”
Girolamo Fracastoro
introduced the Germ Theory
Girolamo Fracastoro
Father of Protozoology and Bacteriology
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
1st person to observe and describe microorganisms and called them as “animalcules”
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Father of Modern Microbiology
Louis Pasteur
- Disproved Spontaneous Generation
- Proponent of Biogenesis
Louis Pasteur
- Creation of Attenuated Vaccines
- Fermentation
- Pasteurization
Louis Pasteur
developed the antiseptic system of surgery
Joseph Lister
- Discovery of Bacillus anthracis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Culture of Bacteria using media
Robert Koch
Use of Agar and Petri Dish in Cultivating Bacteria
Robert Koch
KOCH’S POSTULATES
T/F: Microorganism must be observed in every case of the disease
T
KOCH’S POSTULATES
T/F: It must be isolated and grown in mixed culture
F; pure culture
KOCH’S POSTULATES
T/F: The pure culture, when inoculated in animals, must reproduce the disease
T
KOCH’S POSTULATES
T/F: Microorganism must be recovered from the diseased animal
T
discovered salvarsan to treat syphilis
Paul Ehrlich
Discovered penicillin
Alexander Fleming
An area of science that deals with the study of 3 distinct but interrelated disciplines (classification, nomenclature, ID)
Taxonomy
Polyphasic Taxonomy is based on (3)
• Genotypic (Genetic make-up) Characteristics
• Phenotypic Characteristics
• Phylogenetic (Evolutionary Relationships)
MALDI-TOF MS stands for
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
“Father of Taxonomy”
Binomial classification
Carolus Linnaeus
BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE: WHEN WRITING SCIENTIFIC NAMES…..
T/F: Nomenclature is limited to two taxa: genus and species.
T
BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE: WHEN WRITING SCIENTIFIC NAMES…..
T/F: First letter of the Genus is lowercase and can be
abbreviated.
F; capitalized
BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE: WHEN WRITING SCIENTIFIC NAMES…..
T/F: Species names start using lowercase letters.
T
BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE: WHEN WRITING SCIENTIFIC NAMES…..
T/F: Both components are italicized or underlined.
T
BASIS: Cellular organism (whether unicellular or multicellular) and nutritional pattern
Robert Whittaker
Introduced the 5 kingdom system
Robert Whittaker
What are the 5 kingdom system?
○ Monera/Prokaryotae
○ Fungi
○ Protistae
○ Animalia
○ Plantae
● BASIS: Cellular organization and function
● Simplified the classification of Robert Whittaker
Carl Woese
What are the 3 domain systems by Carl Woese?
Bacteria
Eukaria
Archaea
(BEA)
HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION
composed of similar divisions
Kingdom
HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION
have a common attribute
Family
HIERARCHICAL CLASSIFICATION
The most basic taxonomic group
Species (Epithet)
SUBSPECIES
organism population that is differentiated from populations within species
Strains
SUBSPECIES
variant prokaryotic strains characterized by biochemical or physiological differences
Biovars
SUBSPECIES
variation in serological reactions; strains with distinctive antigenic properties
Serovars
NOMENCLATURE
Family name is capitalized and ends in
–aceae
NOMENCLATURE
Order name ends in
–ales
NOMENCLATURE
Tribe Names end in
-eae
TAXONOMY
T/F: In transferring a species from one genus to another, the species is retained. (Campylobacter pylori»_space; Helicobacter pylori)
T
TAXONOMY
T/F: The type strains of organisms are deposited in reference type culture collections such as ATCC and NTCC.
T
