1GB1: Development Dynamics Flashcards
What does the economic aspect of development mean?
Progress in economic growth (how wealthy a country is, use of technology)
What does the social aspect of development mean?
Improvement in people’s standard of living
(Better healthcare, clean water)
What does the political aspect of development mean?
Stable political system
Can meet the needs of society
Why can single indicators of a country be misleading?
As a country develops, some aspects may develop before others, so a country might seem more developed than it actually is
What is Gross Domestic Product?
A total value of goods and services a country produces in a year. It’s often given in US dollars
What is Gross Domestic Product a measure of?
Wealth
What happens to Gross Domestic Product as a country develops?
Higher
What is GDP per capita?
The GDP divided by the population of a country. An economy’s production per person
What is GDP per capita a measure of?
Wealth
What happens to GDP per capita as a country develops?
Higher
What is Gross National Income and GNI per capita?
GDP but including money from overseas
What is Gross National Income and GNI per capita a measure of?
Wealth
What happens to Gross National Income and GNI per capita as a country develops?
Rises
What is birth rate?
Number of live babies born per thousand of the population per year
What is birth rate a measure of?
Women’s right
What happens to birth rate as a country develops?
Lower
What is death rate?
The number of deaths per thousand of the population per year
What is death rate a measure of?
Health
What appens to death rate as a country develops?
Decreases
What is infant mortality rate?
The number of babies who die under 1 year old per thousand babies born
What is infant mortality rate a measure of?
Health care
What happens to infant mortality rate as a country develops?
Decreases
What is maternal mortality rate?
The number of women who die due to pregnancy related problems per hundred thousand live births
What is maternal mortality rate a measure of?
Health care
What happens to maternal mortality rate as a country develops?
Lower
What is ‘doctors per 1000 of population’?
The number of working doctors per thousand of the population
What is ‘doctors per 1000 of population’ a measure of?
Healthcare
What happens to doctors per 1000 of population as a country develops?
Higher
What is the gini coefficient?
A measure of economic inequality
0 - equal
1 - total inequality
What is the gini coefficient a measure of?
Inequality
What happens to the gini coefficient as a country develops?
Lower
What is the gender inequality index?
A number thats calculated using data from:
Womens rights
Womens access to jobs
Womens education
Womens health during pregnancy
The higher the number: more inequality
What is the gender inequality index a measure of?
Womens rights
What is the human development index?
Number calculated using:
Life expectancy
Education
Income per head
0 HDI: least developed
1 HDI: most developed
What is the human development index a measure of?
Lots of things
What is the corruption perceptions index?
A measure of the corruption that is believed to exist in the public sector on a scale of 1-100. Lower score, more corruption
What is the corruption perceptions index a measure of?
Corruption
What can a countrys level of development suggest?
Growth
Age structure
Of the population
What are features of population development like in developing countries?
Higher fertility and birth rates: no contraception
Lots of children - poor healthcare means more infants die
Death rate high - poor healthcare
More children than old people
What is a population pyramid?
visual representation of a population’s age and gender makeup
More children will mean a larger base
Less children will mean smaller base etc.
What are examples of emerging countries?
India
Russia
China
What are examples of developing countries?
Chad
What are examples of developed countries?
United Kingdom
What is the order (from least to most developed) of emerging, developed and developing?
Developing
Emerging
Developed
What are features of population development like in emerging countries?
Fertility rates fall - more contraception
Women more equal place in society and education
Womens access to work instead of having children
Healthcare improves - more life expectancy
More people of working age so the population pyramid base would be less in width
What are features of population development like in developed countries?
Fertility rates are low
People want better quality of life
Larger life expectancy so people may be willing to spend more money on their old parents instead of children
Good health care - low death rate and high life expectancy
Base of the population pyramid narrow and the middle bulges out
How can climate affect the development of a country?
If a country has really hot or really cold climate, not much will grow
Less food production, malnutrition
Malnourished people will have a lower quality of life
Fewer crops to sell, less money to spend on goods and services
Reduces quality of life
How can topography affect the development of a country?
If the land in a country is steep, it will not produce much food
Steep land can make it difficult to develop infrastructure
Limit trade in roads, powerlines
Hard to provide basic services
How can education affect the development of a country?
More skilled workforce means a country can offer more goods and services
This can bring money in through trade or investment
Educated people earn more - more taxes
Government can use to spend on development
How can health affect the development of a country?
Lack of clean water and poor health care means a lot of people suffer from diseases
Ill people cannot work - not contributing to economy
Lack of contribution and increased spending on healthcare means less to spend on development
How can colonialism affect the development of a country?
Countries that were colonised are often at a lower level of development when they gain independence compared to if they hadn’t been colonised
Europe colonised most of africa, removed raw materials and slaves
Bad for african development - dependant on europe
Famine and malnutrition
How can neo-colonialism affect the development of a country?
After colonies gained independance, richer countries continued to control them indirectly
TNCs exploit cheap labour and raw materials in poorer countries
Poot countries had to develop in the way donors wanted them to
How can economic and political affect the development of a country?
Corrupt governemnt can hinder dvelopment - taking money thats supposed to be used on infrastructure/development
Good international relations - more trade agreements and can get loans to invest in development projects
