Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy 205 > 1G > Flashcards

1G Flashcards

1
Q

Muscular System

A

System composed of all the muscles of the body and concerned with movements of the total body as well as movements within the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Properties of Muscle Tissue

A

Contractility, extensibility, elasticity, irritability, tonus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Contractility

A

Ability of muscle tissue to shorten or contract.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Extensibility

A

Ability of muscle tissue to be extended or stretched within limits.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Elasticity

A

Ability of muscle tissue to return to its original state after being stretched.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Irritability

A

The susceptibility of muscle tissue to react to external stimuli.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tonus

A

State in which muscle is partially contracted allowing it to react instantly when stimulated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Involuntary Muscle (based on nervous control)

A

Muscle not subject to the control of the will.

Cardiac and smooth muscle are of this type.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Voluntary Muscle (based on nervous control)

A

Muscle subject to control of the will.

Skeletal muscle is of this type.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

It is located compromising the walls of the internal organs as well as the blood vessels of the body.

Long spindles thick in center and pointed at the ends.

1 nuclei per cell.

May be circularly arranged; when muscles contract, obliterate cavity or lumen of organ.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

Located in the heart and appears striated with 1 nuclei per cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

Composed of very long cells (up to 4 cm in length); due to length, more than 1 nucleus is needed to carry out cellular functions, and thus the cells are multinucleated.

It is attached to the skeleton and affords movement of skeletal elements when they contract.

Have special terms for cellular parts:

  1. Sarco- refers to “muscle”
  2. Sarcolemma: cell membrane
  3. Sarcoplasm: cytoplasm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Myofilament

A

Special type of organelle found within skeletal muscle cells.

2 different types found within the myofibril:
Actin and Myosin: Arranged in patterns that appear as alternating light and dark bands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fascia

A

Connective tissue layer located surrounding muscles and between adjacent muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Functions of Fascia

A
  • Permits gliding of 1 muscle over another.

- Provides pathways for passage of vessels and nerves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nomenclature of muscles: 5 criteria for classification

A

Function
ex. flexor digitorum profunds

Shape
ex. rhomboid major

Location
ex. tibialis anterior

Number of heads of origin
ex. biceps brachii

Structure (direction of fibers)
ex. external oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Individual muscle can only be properly described by indicating its 4 criteria.

A

origin, insertion, action, innervation

18
Q

Origin

A

Nonmovable point of attachment.

19
Q

Insertion

A

Movable point of attachment.

20
Q

Action

A

Movement a particular muscle produces.

21
Q

Innervation

A

Nerve supply to a muscle.

22
Q

Muscle Attachments

A

Bone, cartilage, skin, fascia, tendons (attach muscle to bone), Aponeurosis (flattened tendon), and ligaments

23
Q

Blood supply of muscle

A

Skeletal muscles are involved in movement and are very active organs, thus they require a substantial amount of blood.

24
Q

Nerve supply of muscle

A

Skeletal muscles are innervated by 2 types of nerve fibers.

Sensory or Afferent
Motor or Efferent

25
Q

Sensory or Afferent

A

Nerve fibers carry nerve impulses from receptors (muscle spindles) in the muscle to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord).

26
Q

Motor or Efferent

A

Nerve fibers carry nerve impulses from the central nervous system to muscle.

27
Q

Functional classification of muscles

A

Keep in mind that muscles work in opposing pairs.

Prime mover, antagonist, synergist, fixator

28
Q

Prime Mover

A

A muscle that directly produces the desired movement.

ex. when the extensor digitorum muscle extenders the digits, it is acting as the prime mover.

29
Q

Antagonist

A

A muscle that produces a movement opposite to that of a prime mover,

ex. the flexor digitorum profundus, which flexes the digits, is antagonist to the extensor digitorum.

30
Q

Synergist

A

A muscle that adds a little extra force to help the prime mover perform the desirable movements.

ex. the flexor digitorum profundus muscle, which is assisted by the flexor digitorum superficial is when flexing the digits.

31
Q

Fixator

A

Muscles that maintain body position while a part is moving.

This occurs in the shoulder, when a muscle (serratus anterior) holds the scapula at an angle, so that the humorous can move.

The muscle that fixes the scapula is acting as fixator.

32
Q

Choose the correct properties of muscle tissue.

A. flexibility
B. tonus 
C. strength
D. irritability 
E. tenacity
A

B,D

33
Q

Sensory nerve fibers carry nerve impulses from ______.

A. the CNS to muscle
B. blood vessels to other nerve fibers
C. afferent fibers to efferent fibers
D. nerve fibers to blood vessels
E. receptors in the muscle to the CNS
A

E

34
Q

Choose the correct characteristic(s) of cardiac muscle.

A. It is located in the arteries.
B. It does not appear striated.
C. It appears striated. Correct
D. 1 nuclei per cell 
E. composed of very long cells
A

C,D

35
Q

A function of fascia would be to provide a pathway for passage of vessels and nerves.

A. True
B. False

A

A

36
Q

Choose the incorrect pairing.

A. Prime Mover : Extensor Digitorum
B. Fixator : a muscle that maintains body position while a part is moving
C. Synergist : a muscle that produces a movement opposite to that of a prime mover
D. Antagonist : Flexor Digitorum Profundus (to Extensor Digitorum)

A

C

37
Q

All of the following are properties of muscle tissue EXCEPT:

a. Elasticity
b. Tonus
c. flexibility
d. extensibility
e. none of the above

A

C

38
Q

1 nucleus per cell

(match the muscle type)

A. Cardiac muscle B. skeletal Muscle C. smooth muscle

a. A
b. B
c. C
d. A & B
e. A & C
f. B & C

A

E

39
Q

found in walls of internal organs

(match the muscle type)

A. Cardiac muscle B. skeletal Muscle C. smooth muscle

a. A
b. B
c. C
d. A & B
e. A & C
f. B & C

A

C

40
Q

The combination of _____ and _____ overlapping one another cause a muscle to contract.

a. myosin and myofilaments
b. acetate and myosin
c. actin and myosin
d. myofibrils and actin
e. myofibrils and myofilaments

A

C

41
Q

____ and _____ nerve fibers carry impulses from receptors in muscle to the CNS.

a. Afferent and Sympathetic
b. afferent and efferent
c. motor and sensory
d. efferent and sympathetic
e. afferent and sensory

A

E

42
Q

Striated
(match the muscle type)

A. Cardiac muscle B. skeletal Muscle C. smooth muscle

a. A
b. B
c. C
d. A & B
e. A & C
f. B& C

A

D

Anatomy 205 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions