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1A Flashcards

1
Q

Biology

A

The study of living organisms.

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Subdivision of biology that is concerned with the functioning of the body.

Attempts to explain the physical and chemical processes that occur in the body.

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3
Q

Anatomy

A

Subdivision of biology that is concerned with the form, structure or morphology of the body.

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4
Q

Where does the term “anatomy” originate?

A

Greek; Ana=apart, Tomy=cut

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5
Q

Where does the term “dissect” originate?

A

Latin; Dis=apart, Sectare=cut

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6
Q

Cytology

A

Subdivision of anatomy meaning the study of cells.

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7
Q

Where does the term “cytology” originate?

A

Greek; Kytos=cell, Logos=knowledge of

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8
Q

Histology

A

Subdivision of anatomy meaning the study of tissues.

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9
Q

Where does the term “histology” originate?

A

Greek; Histo=tissue, Logos=knowledge of

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10
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

Subdivision of anatomy meaning the study of structure visible with the naked eye.

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11
Q

Surface Anatomy

A

Subdivision of anatomy meaning the study of the surface structures.

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12
Q

Developmental Anatomy (Embryology)

A

Subdivision of anatomy meaning the development of the body prior to birth.

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13
Q

Comparative Anatomy

A

Subdivision of anatomy comparing human structures to that of other animals.

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14
Q

Radiology

A

Subdivision of anatomy using radiation to visualize internal body structure.

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15
Q

Anatomical Pathology

A

Subdivision of anatomy meaning the study of tissue that departs from the normal and thus is diseased.

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16
Q

List the Organization of the body from smallest to largest.

A

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, body.

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17
Q

Cell

A

Smallest unit of living matter and the characteristic building block of all plant and animal tissues.

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18
Q

Tissue

A

Collection of cells of similar structure and function.

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19
Q

Organ

A

Consists of two to more tissues blended in such a way as to form a structure, which can perform one function or related functions.

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20
Q

Organ System

A

Consists of one or more organs that act together in performing a major function of the body.

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21
Q

Body

A

Composed of the 12 organ systems.

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22
Q

Regional Method of Study

A

According to the natural subdivisions of the body.

  1. Head: facial region, cranium
  2. Neck
  3. Thorax
  4. Abdomen
  5. Pelvis
  6. Back (posterior aspect of thorax, abdomen, and pelvis)
  7. Trunk (combination of thorax, abdomen, pelvis, and back)
  8. Upper Limb (extremity): pectoral region, arm, forearm, and hand
  9. Lower Limb (extremity): gluteal region, thigh, leg, and foot
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23
Q

Systematic Method of Study

A

According to the major body systems; collections of organs that perform related functions.

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24
Q

Name the 12 Organ Systems.

A

Cardiovascular or Circulatory, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Articular, Nervous, Endocrine, Reproductive

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25
Q

Cardiovascular or Circulatory System

A

Structures: Heart, blood vessels

Functions: Transports nutrients and oxygen cells, removes waste molecules that are excreted from the body.

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26
Q

Lymphatic System

A

Structures: Lymphatic vessels, nodes, supporting lymphocytes, and the lymphoid organs

Functions: Protects body from disease by purifying fluid. Involves white blood cells that produce antibodies.

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27
Q

Respiratory System

A

Structures: Lungs, pharynx, larynx, trachea

Functions: Conducts air, brings oxygen into lungs, and takes carbon dioxide out.

28
Q

Digestive System

A

Structures: Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas

Functions: Receives food and digests it into nutrient molecules, which enter the cells.

29
Q

Urinary System

A

Structures: Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

Functions: Rids the body of nitrogenous wastes and regulate the fluid level and chemical content of the blood.

30
Q

Integumentary System

A

Structures: Skin, nails, hair, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, subcutaneous tissue

Functions: Provides support and protects underlying tissues, help regulate body temperature, contains receptors.

31
Q

Skeletal System

A

Structures: Bones of the skeleton

Functions: Framework, Movement of the body

32
Q

Muscular System

A

Structures: Muscles

Functions: Movement of the body

33
Q

Articular System

A

Structures: Joints

Functions: Movement of the body

34
Q

Nervous System

A

Structures: Brain, spinal cord, nerves

Functions: Conducts nerve impulses to muscles and glands and receive impulses.

35
Q

Endocrine System

A

Structures: Hormones, endocrine glands

Functions: Secretes chemicals that serve as messengers between body parts, maintains proper functioning of reproductive organs.

36
Q

Reproductive System

A

Structures: Reproductive organs

Functions: Reproduction in process of copulation

37
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Refers to the position the body must be in when using anatomical planes and terms of reference.

38
Q

Name the 5 criteria of anatomical position.

A
  1. Body Longitudinal
  2. Upper Limbs By Side
  3. Eyes Directed Forward
  4. Palms Directed Forward
  5. Toes Directed Forward
39
Q

Planes of Reference

A

Planes that subdivide the total body or organs. There are 4 standard planes.

40
Q

Median (Midsagittal) Plane

A

1 vertical plane passing through the body dividing it into equal right and left halves.

41
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Any vertical plane that parallels the median plane (so it is lateral to the median plane) and divides the body into unequal right and left parts.

42
Q

Frontal (Coronal) Plane

A

Any vertical plane at a right angle to the median plane that divides the body into front and back parts.

43
Q

Horizontal (Transverse) Plane

A

Any plane at a right angle to both the median and frontal planes that divides the body into upper and lower parts.

44
Q

Terms of Reference

A

Must always be used with the body in the anatomical position. There are 6 pairs of terms

45
Q

Medial/Lateral

A

M: Nearer the median plane.

L: Farther away from the median plane.

46
Q

Anterior(Ventral)/Posterior(Dorsal)

A

A: Nearer the front

P: Nearer the back

47
Q

Superior(Cephalic)/Inferior(Caudal)

A

S: Nearer the upper (head) end.

I: Nearer the lower (tail) end.

The terms Cephalic and Caudal are not used very often, but they are used more frequently when describing the brain.

48
Q

Proximal/Distal

A

P: Nearer the attached end of a limb.

D: Farther away from the attached end of a limb.

49
Q

Internal/External

A

I: Nearer the center of an organ or cavity.

E: Farther away from the center of an organ or cavity.

50
Q

Superficial/Deep

A

S: Nearer the surface of the body.

D: Farther away from the surface of the body.

51
Q

Supine Position

A

Lying on back, belly is upward

52
Q

Prone Position

A

Lying on front, back is upward

53
Q

How many transverse planes can a person have on them?

54
Q

Choose the answer that includes the correct subdivisions of anatomy.

a. gross, surface, histology, oncology
b. developmental, physiology, gross, micro
c. radiology, gross, surface, developmental
d. cytology, oncology, physiology, histology

55
Q

Which statement is the most correct?

a. The abdomen, pelvis, and thorax are considered regional sections of the body.
b. Organ systems consist of one or more cells blended in such a way as to form a tissue, which performs one or more functions in the body.
c. Cells and tissues can be seen with the naked eye.
d. The trunk consists of a combination of thorax, abdomen, neck, and back.

56
Q

Choose the incorrect pairing.

a. cephalic: tail
b. superficial: nearer the surface of the body
c. dorsal: nearer the back
d. proximal: nearer the attached end of a limb

57
Q

Choose the correct statement in regards to the endocrine system.

a. It consists of hormone glands, hormones, and sebaceous glands.
b. It rids the body of nitrogenous wastes.
c. It maintains proper functioning of reproductive organs.
d. It secretes white blood cells that serve as messengers.

58
Q

Choose the statement(s) that are correct. There may be more than one answer.

a. The transverse plane is any plane at a right angle to the median plane that divides the body into left and right parts
b. The term ventral is nearer the front
c. prone position: lying on front, back upward
d. supine position: lying on front, back upward
e. The hand is distal to the elbow

59
Q

When riding a bicycle, what plane are your lower extremities moving in?

a. sagittal plane
b. median plane
c. horizontal plane
d. midsagittal plane
e. more information is needed

60
Q

The study of structures visible with the naked eye is:

a. Histology
b. Gross anatomy
c. Surface anatomy
d. Cytology
e. None of the above

61
Q

How many organ systems in the body:

a. 13
b. 14
c. 12
d. 15
e. 11

62
Q

The following can be seen with the aid of a microscope

a. organs
b. organ systems
c. tissues
d. all of the above

63
Q

What system can sebaceous glands be found in?

a. Urinary
b. Endocrine
c. Reproductive
d. Respiratory
e. None of the above

64
Q

Which system removes waste molecules excreted from the body?

a. Endocrine
b. Reproductive
c. Circulatory
d. Integumentary

65
Q

The natural subdivision of the upper limb includes all of the following EXCEPT:

a. clavicle
b. arm
c. hand
d. ribs
e. scapula

66
Q

All of the following are criteria used for the anatomical position EXCEPT:

a. Upper limbs by side
b. Eyes directed forward
c. Body erect
d. Toes directed forward
e. all of the above are criteria for anatomical position

67
Q

Your flexor carpi radialis longus muscle is superficial to

a. radius
b. humerus
c. skin
d. adipose tissue
e. hand

Anatomy 205 (5 decks)

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