1d Question Answers

Question 1

What would you say if the 1d question was about disease and infection improving over time?

Answer 1

RELIGIOUS BELIEFS
- throughout prehistory, Egypt, Greece and Middle Ages, beliefs of God causing diseases acted to hinder knowledge about treatments

KEY INDIVIDUALS

• Hippocrates, long lasting impact, but not effective treatment
• Pasteur, germ theory, major improvements about knowledge of DI, enabled more effective treatments e.g. Magic bullet and penicillin
• should be noted, pasteurs GT not poss without science and tech developments, namely microscope by J Lister

GOV

• gave Jenner £30,000 to improve work on small pox vaccine and made compulsory in 1852
• funded mass production of penicillin however may not have without war, may have had less need for it

CHANCE
- some development of treatments dependant on chance e.g. Pasteur chicken cholera vaccine and Flemings penicillin discovery.

Question 2

What would you do if the 1d question was about surgery and anatomy improving due to different factors over time?

Answer 2

SCIENCE AND TECH

• X-rays developed before WW1, so could find shrapnel
• blood transfusions effectively used during WW1, further developed after WW2, stored longer and donated
• Marie curie developed radiation therapy, chance discovery after working closely with X-rays

WAR

• 65 million deaths WW2, advances needed
• surgeons operated and practiced more during war, so war always led to surgical and anatomical knowledge improvements due to mass of casualties

GOV
- funded rontgens development of X-rays and mass production of them

Question 3

What do you say if the 1d question is about public health improving due to different factors over time?

Answer 3

GOV

• significant since Romans
• aqueducts, sewers, baths, toilets etc
• bc wanted fit and healthy army
• but may not have if wasn’t war between Romans and barbarians, bc wouldn’t have had need for such fit and healthy army
• laissez faire attitudes in Middle Ages and Renaissance meant little done to improve PH. (Except great plague 1665, banned gatherings and cleaned streets)
• second half of 19th cent better: more active role: PH acts
• great stink

KEY INDIVIDUALS

• John snow, cholera, tap 1854
• seebohm rowntree and Charles booth
• rowntree: York 35% living in poverty, awful living conditions
• booth same but in London
• always dependant on gov action though

WAR
- without WW1 and WW2 got not carried out PH improvements as quickly, e.g. Fit for heroes and NHS 1946