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Religious Studies: Ethics > 1C: Applying Situation Ethics to Homosexuality and Polyamory > Flashcards

1C: Applying Situation Ethics to Homosexuality and Polyamory Flashcards

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1
Q

What might Fletcher think about homosexual and polyamorous relationships?

A
  • as long as youre showing agape then it is acceptable. “love and justice is the same”
  • “Whether any form of sex is good or evil depends on whether love is fully served”
  • he believed the only thing good in itself is a gap
  • sex is only good or bad in relation to how much it reflects agape
  • applying these specific relationships to SE, you must judge the sexual relationships by the standards found in agape: the 4 WP and 6 FP
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2
Q

What were the laws about homosexuality in the US and UK when Fletcher wrote SE?

A

it was illegal

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3
Q

What did Fletcher thing about laws and attitudes about sex in the US and UK?

A

they were hypocritical, inconsistent, out of date and unjust
- said that the law encouraging prejudice and discrimination against people just because of their sexuality was wrong (on legal and christian grounds)
- however he did think the law has the right to limit individual freedom for the benefit of society

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4
Q

What was the Wolfenden report (Fletcher agreed with it)?

A

the law should not interfere with matters of private morality
- concluded the criminal law should not restrict sexual freedom of consenting adults in their private actions unless society’s stability is threatened

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5
Q

What did Fletcher conclude sex laws should be shaped by?

A
  • age of consent
  • issues of public decency
  • acts involving assault
  • violence
  • coercion
  • fraud
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6
Q

Who is an example of homosexuals being a victim of social injustice?

A

Alan Turing

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7
Q

How did Alan Turing avoid his prison sentence?

A

accepting a medical treatment for his ‘condition’
- shows how homosexuality was seen as a mental illness

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8
Q

What year was the law in the UK changed to make homosexual acts permissible between consenting adults aged 21 or over?

A

1967

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9
Q

When was same sex marriage legalised in the UK?

A

13 March 2013
first marriage in 2014

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10
Q

How has polyamory been regarded at different points in time?

A
  • been around since Greek times
  • still seen as an abnormal ethical deviation
  • however it has a growing population
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11
Q

What problems are there in defining polyamory?

A
  • sets parameters and restraints
  • ironic because polyamory tries to avoid being classified into a particular set of rules in terms of sex and relationships
  • cover many scenarios
  • can be informal
  • can be short term
  • can be uncommitted
  • can be long term
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12
Q

What values have been associated with polyamory?

A
  • trust, honesty and respect at all times
  • gender equality and removing traditional boundaries associated with gender roles
  • non possessiveness: sometimes jealousy cannot be avoided but it should be resolved within each individual, with compression (sharing of common joy) as a goal
  • communication: there’s no standard model for all PA relationships so it’s crucial to negotiate with everyone
  • loyalty
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13
Q

What did Fletcher say in criticism of the church’s attitude toward sexuality?

A

their attitude was “a very confused and inconsistent one, tending to dead letter laws and hypocrisy”

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14
Q

How is homosexuality and polyamory decided to be good/bad?

A
  • whether homosexuality was good/right or bad/wrong depended upon the situation and not an absolutist position
  • in religious terms: whether or not ‘love is fully served’ by the relationship
  • in social/legal terms: whether or not the principle of SE was met in a secular context
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15
Q

Would the principle of agape support homosexuality and polyamorous relationships?

A

Yes
- Fletcher’s view was that any type of sexual relationship should have equal treatment in relation to the principle of agape
- the principle of agape would support any relationship as long as what is done in private/public does not contravene legal rights and does not offend public decency

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16
Q

What would Fletcher say about polyamory?

A

any rules or laws about polyamory are of secondary importance to love
- we must start from a position where we trust that love is the god thing (positivism) and then work out how to be loving
- we need to assess the individual situation (relativism)

17
Q

What is a homosexual relationship?

A

a romantic attraction, sexual attraction, sexual behaviour between members of the same sex/gender

18
Q

What does Leviticus say about homosexuality?

A

“you shall not lie with a man as with a woman; that is an abomination”

19
Q

How does Fletcher respond to Leviticus?

A

opposes it
- ‘love is the ruling norm of Christianity”
- so if loving consequences occur then Leviticus can be ignored

20
Q

What would the boss principle say about homosexuality?

A

it is never always right or always wrong
- relativist ethic so does not believe actions are always right and wrong in themselves
- it will judge each homosexual relationship on a ‘case by case’ basis (FP)

21
Q

Why might SE say homosexual relationships are morally good?

A
  • they could be ethically good if the consequences of the relationship led to agape consequences
  • if the relationship is based around loving commitment then SE would say to ignore the religious rules against homosexuality
  • this is because agape is better served by allowing the relationship
22
Q

Why might SE say homosexual relationships are morally bad?

A
  • if the relationship is just based around lust (selfish desire for self satisfaction eg casual sex) then SE would say it’s morally wrong
  • this is because the relationship is creating selfish consequences, not loving ones
  • therefore SE would say stick to religiously rules on homosexuality because love is not best served by breaking the rule
23
Q

How can the FP ‘love is the ruling norm of Christianity’ be applied to homosexual relationships?

A

if the homosexual act was carried out for an agape outcome then this replaces any rules on homosexuality that come from the Bible

24
Q

How can the WP of relativism be applied to homosexual relationships?

A
  • makes it clear homosexual acts can never be considered always morally wrong or right
  • this is because no action is right or wrong itself
  • the act can only be judged wrong or right depending on the loving outcomes
25
Q

How can the FP ‘loving ends justify the means’ be applied to homosexual relationships?

A
  • if the homosexual act was done to create an agape outcome then this FP would state this was morally justified
  • this is because the end (the loving outcome) justifies the means (the bad action of breaking biblical rules)
26
Q

How can the WP of pragmatism be applied to homosexual relationships?

A

if the chances of the homosexual relationship depending the relationship were slim eg both people were about to go to university miles from each other then pragmatism would say it was a wrong action despite the intention of creating a loving consequence

27
Q

How can the WP of relativism be applied to polyamorous relationships?

A
  • they cannot always be considered morally right or wrong
  • can only be judged depending on the loving outcome/consequences
28
Q

How can the WP of pragmatism be applied to polyamorous relationships?

A
  • the relationship does not affect anyone else
  • it ensures emotional and physical fulfilment for all members of the group
29
Q

How can the WP of positivism be applied to polyamorous relationships?

A
  • polyamory can be the most loving way to act for some people without any rational proof
  • love is justification for a decision
30
Q

How can the WP of personalism be applied to polyamorous relationships?

A
  • people’s needs must be put before laws
  • if all members of the relationship are consenting and desirous of the relationship, then their love is decided situational lyrics
31
Q

How can the FP of ‘love is the only intrinsic good’ be applied to polyamorous relationships?

A
  • regardless of the love, whether monogamous or polyamorous, it always good regardless of the context
  • love is an action not a noun
32
Q

How can the FP of ‘love is the ruling norm’ be applied to polyamorous relationships?

A

if a PA relationship is carried out for the outcome of agape, then this replaces any rules on polyamory

33
Q

How can the FP of ‘love and justice are the same’ be applied to polyamorous relationships?

A
  • PA couples should be treated fairly
  • we don’t require a monogamous and heterosexual couple to give up their lives together so it is unfair to ask of it of these people
34
Q

How can the FP of ‘love wills the neighbours good’ be applied to polyamorous relationships?

A

if each person in the relationship feels like they can put the needs of the other two before their own then agape can be served through the relationship

35
Q

How can the FP of ‘only the loving end justifies the means’ be applied to polyamorous relationships?

A
  • the outcome for a PA relationship would be for happiness and emotional/sexual fulfillment
  • the loving end (children) justifies the means, as the child will have multiple loving parents to care for them

Religious Studies: Ethics (20 decks)

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