1a1. Introduction to CC

Question 1

This refers to the discipline involved in the selection, provision, and interpretation of diagnostic testing that uses primarily samples from patients

Answer 1

Laboratory medicine

Question 2

This is a synonymous term to clinical laboratory

Answer 2

Laboratory medicine

Question 3

This is laboratory section that performs qualitative and quantitative analyses of blood, urine, spinal fluid, feces, calculi, and other materials

Answer 3

Clinical chemistry

Question 4

The substance of interest that is being measured, may be detected qualitatively or described quantitatively

Answer 4

Analyte

Question 5

An analytical instrument used to measure the intensity of light absorbed by a sample at specific wavelengths, providing quantitative data about the concentration of substances within that sample

Answer 5

Spectrophotometer

Question 6

This refers to how close a measured value is to the true value or the standard of the analyte being measured

Answer 6

Accuracy

Question 7

This is crucial for ensuring reliable and correct diagnostic and treatment decisions based on laboratory results

Answer 7

Accuracy

Question 8

This refers to the consistency and reproducibility of test results when the same sample is analyzed multiple times under identical conditions

Answer 8

Precision

Question 9

Ensures that repeated measurements yield similar outcomes

Answer 9

Precision

Question 10

This refers to an analytical procedure to maintain its original accuracy, precision, specificity, and sensitivity over and extended period of time

Answer 10

Reliability

Question 11

An ability to detect an analyte of interest

Answer 11

Analytical specificity

Question 12

An ability to detect smallest amount of sample

Answer 12

Analytical sensitivity

Question 13

Used for confirmatory tests

Answer 13

Diagnostic specificity

Question 14

Used for screening tests

Answer 14

Diagnostic sensitivity

Question 15

These are standardized samples with known concentrations of analytes used to verify the accuracy and precision of analytical tests

Answer 15

Controls

Question 16

They help ensure that the testing process is functioning correctly and that the results are reliable and consistent over time

Answer 16

Controls

Question 17

This is a known reference materials or substance that is used to calibrate or validate laboratory instruments and assays

Answer 17

Standard

Question 18

Also called the “callibrator”

Answer 18

Standard

Question 19

Any biochemical compound that is sufficiently altered in a disease to serve as an aid in diagnosing or predicting susceptibility to the disease

Answer 19

Biochemical markers

Question 20

This refers to any material coming from the patient’s human body submitted to the laboratory for processing and testing

Answer 20

Specimen

Question 21

This is the most common specimen used in the clinical laboratory.

Answer 21

Blood

Question 22

This is the process of using needle to puncture a vein and collect a blood sample for diagnostic purposes

Answer 22

Venipuncture

Question 23

This is a method of obtaining a small blood sample by puncturing the skin with a lancet, typically on the finger or heel

Answer 23

Capillary puncture

Question 24

Involves inserting a needle into an artery to collect blood samples

Answer 24

Arterial puncture

Question 25

Common puncture sites for arterial puncture

Answer 25

Radial artery in the wrist, femoral artery in the groin, brachial artery in the arm

Question 26

The liquid portion of unclotted blood

Answer 26

Plasma

Question 27

This includes fibrinogen and is often used for tests requiring the presence of clotting proteins

Answer 27

Plasma

Question 28

The liquid component of clotted blood, resulting in the removal of clotting factors like fibrinogen

Answer 28

Serum

Question 29

Component of blood present in plasma that is not present in serum

Answer 29

Fibrinogen

Question 30

T/F: serum is used in diagnostic tests where clotting proteins are not required

Answer 30

T

Question 31

This involves assessing the presence or absence of a certain compound in a sample, providing information about whether that specific substance is found or not

Answer 31

Qualitative

Question 32

This involves measuring the exact amount of a compound present in a sample, providing data on whether its concentration is high or low

Answer 32

Quantitative

Question 33

The identification of the nature of an illness or other problem by examination of the symptomes

Answer 33

Diagnosis

Question 34

An opinion, based on medical experience, of the likely course of a medical condition

Answer 34

Prognosis