1.a HR , norms, intervention, geopolitics Flashcards
define human rights?
the basic rights and freedoms to which all human beings are entitled that protect everyone equally without discrimination.
what is the universal declaration of human rights
It was created in 1948 and lays basis for modern international human law
* 30 rights on the document
* Universality of human rights → apply to everyone
* Rights have been tailored by western countries
define the term human rights norms?
represent the ways of living that have been inculcated into the culture of a country or area over long periods of time.
what was created on the basis of these established customs and norms rom all cultures, religions globally?
The universal declaration of human rights.
By signing treaties what does thus make the duty of the state?
to respect, protect and fulfil human rights → so these govt have to put in practice domestic measures + legislations in line with treaty
what is the most globally signed treaty?
the convention on the rights of child - change way in which children are viewed and treated
define the term intervention
The use of military force by a state or a group of states in a foreign territory in order to end mass violation of fundamental human rights
what is meant by ‘humanitarian intervention’ ?
tackle the humanitarian rises within a country
what is the only body that is legally authorise to use force?
The UN security council - this remains a controversy
positives of intervention
- immediate benefits to locals
- effective in stopping long term HR violations
- Long term socio-economic / political stability
negatives of interventions
- injuries
- death of civillians
- loss of homes
- population displacement
- ^ HR abuses widening those that already exist
what is emant by the non-military intervention?
NGOs work with local communities to :
* provvide sanctions
* criminal prosecutions for the individuals abusing HR
what are the three agency levels (with examples) the UN co-ordinate?
- NATO - regional organisations
- NGo’s - oxfam/ red cross
- public private partnership - Gavi alliance
How is the UN ivolved in human rights?
Its involvement takes the froms of peacekeeping,politcal and peacebuilding
what is the process the UN takes if international community calls upon the UN security council ?
- the Un security council establishesa a mandate for workers to be authorised to be drawn from memeber sates
- This military presence helps protect citizens from HR abuse
- HR teams work to protect and promote HR
define the term geopolitics
refers to the global balance of political power and international relations
* the pattern of this is closely linked to economic power in terms or relative wealth and global trade power
state the 4 established geopolitical relationships around the world
- US - military
- supranational organizations
- military organisations
- china - FDI
Outline US military presence geopolitical relationship
Geopolitical relationship Is the only superpower able to maintain a military presence anywhere in the world - having got many bases in allied countries
Outline Supranational organisations - geopolitical relationship
EU - cp;;ective 27 countries exert significant political pressure
outline military organisations - geopolitical relationship
such as NATO - collections of militaries obliged to respond to a military attack against any of its states/members
outline china - FDI geopolitical relationship
Uses FDI to establish close political ties with LIDCs ( e.g in BRICs) such as sub-saharan africa has begun building military bases in these spaces.
When was nato established and how many states then and how many now?
- 1949 april 9th
- union of 12 nations
- now 28 nations
Initally established in cold war in response to the Soviet Union and the Warsw pact
what is article 5 in NATO
An attack against one state is an attack against all
what is a significant economic issue within NATO?
The funding imbalance
* 2% of a countries GDP is meant to go to NATO for defense spending but the US is one of the only countries to reach this target
