1.a HR , norms, intervention, geopolitics

Question 1

define human rights?

Answer 1

the basic rights and freedoms to which all human beings are entitled that protect everyone equally without discrimination.

Question 2

what is the universal declaration of human rights

Answer 2

It was created in 1948 and lays basis for modern international human law
* 30 rights on the document
* Universality of human rights → apply to everyone
* Rights have been tailored by western countries

Question 3

define the term human rights norms?

Answer 3

represent the ways of living that have been inculcated into the culture of a country or area over long periods of time.

Question 4

what was created on the basis of these established customs and norms rom all cultures, religions globally?

Answer 4

The universal declaration of human rights.

Question 5

By signing treaties what does thus make the duty of the state?

Answer 5

to respect, protect and fulfil human rights → so these govt have to put in practice domestic measures + legislations in line with treaty

Question 6

what is the most globally signed treaty?

Answer 6

the convention on the rights of child - change way in which children are viewed and treated

Question 7

define the term intervention

Answer 7

The use of military force by a state or a group of states in a foreign territory in order to end mass violation of fundamental human rights

Question 8

what is meant by ‘humanitarian intervention’ ?

Answer 8

tackle the humanitarian rises within a country

Question 9

what is the only body that is legally authorise to use force?

Answer 9

The UN security council - this remains a controversy

Question 10

positives of intervention

Answer 10

• immediate benefits to locals
• effective in stopping long term HR violations
• Long term socio-economic / political stability

Question 11

negatives of interventions

Answer 11

• injuries
• death of civillians
• loss of homes
• population displacement
• ^ HR abuses widening those that already exist

Question 12

what is emant by the non-military intervention?

Answer 12

NGOs work with local communities to :
* provvide sanctions
* criminal prosecutions for the individuals abusing HR

Question 13

what are the three agency levels (with examples) the UN co-ordinate?

Answer 13

• NATO - regional organisations
• NGo’s - oxfam/ red cross
• public private partnership - Gavi alliance

Question 14

How is the UN ivolved in human rights?

Answer 14

Its involvement takes the froms of peacekeeping,politcal and peacebuilding

Question 15

what is the process the UN takes if international community calls upon the UN security council ?

Answer 15

• the Un security council establishesa a mandate for workers to be authorised to be drawn from memeber sates
• This military presence helps protect citizens from HR abuse
• HR teams work to protect and promote HR

Question 16

define the term geopolitics

Answer 16

refers to the global balance of political power and international relations
* the pattern of this is closely linked to economic power in terms or relative wealth and global trade power

Question 17

state the 4 established geopolitical relationships around the world

Answer 17

• US - military
• supranational organizations
• military organisations
• china - FDI

Question 18

Outline US military presence geopolitical relationship

Answer 18

Geopolitical relationship Is the only superpower able to maintain a military presence anywhere in the world - having got many bases in allied countries

Question 19

Outline Supranational organisations - geopolitical relationship

Answer 19

EU - cp;;ective 27 countries exert significant political pressure

Question 20

outline military organisations - geopolitical relationship

Answer 20

such as NATO - collections of militaries obliged to respond to a military attack against any of its states/members

Question 21

outline china - FDI geopolitical relationship

Answer 21

Uses FDI to establish close political ties with LIDCs ( e.g in BRICs) such as sub-saharan africa has begun building military bases in these spaces.

Question 22

When was nato established and how many states then and how many now?

Answer 22

• 1949 april 9th
• union of 12 nations
• now 28 nations

Initally established in cold war in response to the Soviet Union and the Warsw pact

Question 23

what is article 5 in NATO

Answer 23

An attack against one state is an attack against all

Question 24

what is a significant economic issue within NATO?

Answer 24

The funding imbalance
* 2% of a countries GDP is meant to go to NATO for defense spending but the US is one of the only countries to reach this target