1A Disease Classification, Patterns And Spread Flashcards
What are contagious diseases?
A class of infectious disease easily spread by direct or indirect contact between people.
What pathogens can spread contagious diseases?
Bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi.
Can all contagious diseases be transmitted from person to person?
Most, but not all, can be transmitted from one person to another.
Give examples of bacterial infections that are contagious.
Typhoid and plague.
Give examples of viral diseases that are contagious.
Yellow fever and Ebola.
What are non-contagious infectious diseases?
Infectious diseases which spread from host to host but do not require quarantine.
Provide examples of non-contagious infectious diseases.
Colds and influenza.
What are some examples of non-contagious diseases?
Malaria and leishmaniasis.
How are non-contagious diseases like malaria and leishmaniasis spread?
By disease vectors such as mosquitoes, worms, and their larvae.
What are zoonotic diseases?
Infectious diseases transmitted from animals to humans.
Provide examples of zoonotic diseases.
Rabies and plague.
What percentage of infectious diseases are estimated to be spread by animals?
Around 60%.
What are non-infectious diseases?
Diseases that are non-communicable.
What causes non-infectious diseases?
Nutritional deficiencies, lifestyle factors, and genetic inheritance.
Give an example of a non-infectious disease caused by nutritional deficiencies.
Rickets.
What are examples of lifestyle-related non-infectious diseases?
Diabetes, heart disease, and cancer.
What are some examples of non-infectious diseases related to genetic inheritance?
Heart disease, stroke, and cancer.
What are endemic diseases?
They exist permanently in a geographical area or population group.
Endemic diseases are contrasted with epidemic diseases which occur sporadically or in larger outbreaks.
Give an example of an endemic disease in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Sleeping sickness.
Sleeping sickness is caused by a parasite transmitted by the bite of an infected tsetse fly.
What is the cause of sleeping sickness?
Parasite transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected tsetse fly.
The tsetse fly is commonly found in rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa.
Give an example of an endemic disease in Central/South America.
Chagas disease.
Chagas disease is caused by tiny parasites transmitted by blood-sucking insects.
What is the estimated number of people affected by Chagas disease?
7.6 million people.
Chagas disease can lead to serious health complications if left untreated.
What is an epidemic disease?
An outbreak of a disease that attacks many people at the same time and spreads through a population in a restricted geographical location.
Give an example of an epidemic disease.
Ebola
In which region did the Ebola epidemic occur in March 2014?
West Africa
How many people were infected during the Ebola outbreak in West Africa in March 2014?
25,000 people
How many deaths were reported during the Ebola outbreak in West Africa in March 2014?
10,000 deaths
Which countries were mainly affected by the Ebola outbreak in March 2014?
Liberia, Sierra Leone & Guinea
