1a Brain Stem and Cranial Nerves

Question 1

What are the three devisions of the brain?

Answer 1

Forebrain - Cerebral hemispheres
Midbrain
Hindbrain - Pons, medulla and cerebellum

Question 2

What makes up the brainstem?

Answer 2

The midbrain, Pons and medulla

Question 3

What are the 3 cerebellar peduncles connecting the brainstem to the cerebellum also known as?

Answer 3

white fibre tracts

Question 4

What are the cerebral peduncles?

Answer 4

Descending tracts - Corticospinal and corticobulbar

Question 5

Which cranial nerve nuclei are found in the brainstem?

Answer 5

3-10 and 12

Question 6

What is on the anterior surface of the medulla?

Answer 6

Pyramids - descending tracts

Question 7

What is on the posterior surface of the medulla?

Answer 7

Dorsal columns

Question 8

WHat are the divisions of the posterior surface of the medulla?

Answer 8

Open and closed

Question 9

What is in the open part of the posterior surface of the medulla?

Answer 9

Extension of central canal of spinal cord

Question 10

What happens in the closed part of the posterior surface of the medulla?

Answer 10

Central canal widens to form the 4TH ventricle

Question 11

Which motor pathway has fibres crossing at the medulla?

Answer 11

Corticospinal

Question 12

Branches of which blood vessel system is most of the cerebral hemispheres supplied by?

Answer 12

Internal Carotid System

Question 13

Branches of which blood vessel system is most of the brainstem supplied by?

Answer 13

Vertebrobasilar

Question 14

What are the functions of the General Somatic Afferent Nerves?

Answer 14

Fibres carry general sensation from skin, muscles, joints of head and neck

Question 15

What are the functions of the General Somatic Efferent Nerves?

Answer 15

To innervate skeletal muscle

Question 16

What are the functions of the General Visceral Efferent Nerves?

Answer 16

Fibres are the preganglionic parasympathetic neurons to cranial, thoracic and abdominal viscera

Question 17

What are the functions of the General Visceral Afferent Nerves?

Answer 17

Fibres carry sensation from viscera of head, neck, thorax and abdomen

Question 18

What are the functions of the Special Somatic Afferent components?

Answer 18

Fibres carry special senses of hearing and balance

Question 19

What are the functions of the Special Visceral Afferent components?

Answer 19

Fibres carry taste sensation

Question 20

What are the functions of the Special Visceral Efferent components?

Answer 20

Innervate skeletal muscles of the jaw, face, larynx and pharynx

Question 21

Where are the nuclei of the accessory nerve?

Answer 21

Spinal Cord

Question 22

Which cranial nerves emerge at the pons level?

Answer 22

5 Trigeminal
6 Abducens
7 Facial
8 Vestibulocochlear

Question 23

Which cranial nerves emerge at the midbrain level?

Answer 23

3 and 4 (Occulomotor and Trochlear)

Question 24

Which cranial nerves arise at the medullary level?

Answer 24

9, 10 and 12
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Hypoglossal