1a Brain Stem and Cranial Nerves Flashcards
What are the three devisions of the brain?
Forebrain - Cerebral hemispheres
Midbrain
Hindbrain - Pons, medulla and cerebellum
What makes up the brainstem?
The midbrain, Pons and medulla
What are the 3 cerebellar peduncles connecting the brainstem to the cerebellum also known as?
white fibre tracts
What are the cerebral peduncles?
Descending tracts - Corticospinal and corticobulbar
Which cranial nerve nuclei are found in the brainstem?
3-10 and 12
What is on the anterior surface of the medulla?
Pyramids - descending tracts
What is on the posterior surface of the medulla?
Dorsal columns
WHat are the divisions of the posterior surface of the medulla?
Open and closed
What is in the open part of the posterior surface of the medulla?
Extension of central canal of spinal cord
What happens in the closed part of the posterior surface of the medulla?
Central canal widens to form the 4TH ventricle
Which motor pathway has fibres crossing at the medulla?
Corticospinal
Branches of which blood vessel system is most of the cerebral hemispheres supplied by?
Internal Carotid System
Branches of which blood vessel system is most of the brainstem supplied by?
Vertebrobasilar
What are the functions of the General Somatic Afferent Nerves?
Fibres carry general sensation from skin, muscles, joints of head and neck
What are the functions of the General Somatic Efferent Nerves?
To innervate skeletal muscle
What are the functions of the General Visceral Efferent Nerves?
Fibres are the preganglionic parasympathetic neurons to cranial, thoracic and abdominal viscera
What are the functions of the General Visceral Afferent Nerves?
Fibres carry sensation from viscera of head, neck, thorax and abdomen
What are the functions of the Special Somatic Afferent components?
Fibres carry special senses of hearing and balance
What are the functions of the Special Visceral Afferent components?
Fibres carry taste sensation
What are the functions of the Special Visceral Efferent components?
Innervate skeletal muscles of the jaw, face, larynx and pharynx
Where are the nuclei of the accessory nerve?
Spinal Cord
Which cranial nerves emerge at the pons level?
5 Trigeminal
6 Abducens
7 Facial
8 Vestibulocochlear
Which cranial nerves emerge at the midbrain level?
3 and 4 (Occulomotor and Trochlear)
Which cranial nerves arise at the medullary level?
9, 10 and 12
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Hypoglossal
