19th Century

Question 1

At start of 19th century what were three key problems with surgery

Answer 1

Pain
Infection
Blood loss

Question 2

What did Humphrey Davy discover and when

Answer 2

1799 - Nitrous oxide worked as an effective local anaesthetic

Question 3

What is nitrous oxide commonly known as

Answer 3

Laughing gas

Question 4

When did people start using nitrous oxide

Answer 4

After Humphrey Davy died

Question 5

What did William Morton discover

Answer 5

Ether as an anaesthetic

Question 6

What were the problems with ether

Answer 6

Flammable and patients complained of sore throat of feeling sick

Question 7

Who was James Simpson

Answer 7

Scottish doctor

Question 8

What did James Simpson discover and when

Answer 8

In 1847 he and his friends experimented with chloroform and he found it was a general anaesthetic

Question 9

Which other anaesthetic did chloroform replace as most widely used anaesthetic

Answer 9

Ether

Question 10

What did chloroform allow

Answer 10

More complex operations and no pain for the patient

Question 11

Why did some people oppose anaesthetic

Answer 11

Some people argued pain in childbirth was sent by god so anaesthetics interfered

When not used carefully anaesthetic
S could be dangerous

British army banned the use of chloroform

Question 12

What did John Snow devise in the 1850s

Answer 12

Chloroform inhaler

Question 13

Why was the invention of the chloroform inhaler significant

Answer 13

Doctors could control amount of chloroform given to patient. Which made it safer.

Question 14

Which queen used chloroform for labour

Answer 14

1853 queen Victoria birthed her eighth child using chloroform

Question 15

Why was a queen using chloroform significant

Answer 15

Gave public reassurance that chloroform was safe and effective

Question 16

What was the theory of spontaneous generation

Answer 16

The theory, now proven incorrect, that living organisms could develop from non living organisms

Question 17

Who was Louis Pasteur

Answer 17

French chemist

Question 18

When did Pasteur publish his work on germ theory

Answer 18

1861

Question 19

Who was Robert Koch

Answer 19

German doctor

Question 20

What did Koch do with industrial dyes

Answer 20

Used them to stain bacteria to make them easier to identify when viewed under microscope

Question 21

When did Koch identify the germ that caused anthrax

Answer 21

1876

Question 22

Why was Koch’s identification of the bacteria responsible for anthrax significant

Answer 22

First time the bacteria responsible for a specific disease had been identified

Question 23

Which two doctors were rivals

Answer 23

Pasteur and Koch

Question 24

Why were Koch and Pasteur rivals

Answer 24

1870-1871 the Franco-Prussian war

Question 25

Why was the Franco-Prussian war significant to the development of medicine

Answer 25

Pasteur and Koch rivalry. Respective governments invested in their research to show they had more advanced science

Question 26

Who was Joseph Lister

Answer 26

Scottish surgeon

Question 27

Which chemical did Lister experiment with

Answer 27

Carbolic acid

Question 28

How did Lister first use carbolic acid

Answer 28

Soaked bandages in the acid before applying them to the wound

Question 29

What did Lister find happened to patients he used the carbolic acid soaked bandages on

Answer 29

They prevented infection and helped wounds heal

Question 30

How did Lister develop carbolic acid so it could be used on a larger scale

Answer 30

Carbolic acid spray Sprayed from a pump that sterilised the air and equipment

Question 31

How did Listers mortality rates change after using carbolic acid

Answer 31

From 40% down to 15%

Question 32

Why did some surgons oppose carbolic acid

Answer 32

Complained that the acid irritated their eyes and hands.

Question 33

When was blood loss solved

Answer 33

1901 when Karl Landsteiner discovered blood groups

Question 34

Why did the discovery of blood groups solve blood loss

Answer 34

Blood transfusions could be successfully carried out