1984 - 1994 Flashcards
When and where did the Six-Day War happen?
1985 in Alexandra, Johannesburg.
How did Botha respond to the Six-Day War?
He sent armed troops into the townships and declared a state of emergency. There was a drastic increase in police force numbers.
Tactics included mass arrests, torture, kidnapping, murder and imprisonment.
Explain Botha’s ‘Total Strategy’.
Reform accompanied by repression. He tried to suppress black insurrection while also finding routes for compromise that protected white interests.
What was the international pressure towards Botha?
American banks refused to renew South Africa’s loans.
The country was isolated and surrounded by independent nations,
Increased pressure from the AAM and Free Mandela movement
South Africa’s currency dropped
How did Botha take his total strategy beyond the borders?
Namibia remained under direct South African rule. He used the military to pursue total strategy beyond the borders.
South Africa was engaged in the civil wars in Angola and Mozambique.
This helped undermine any significant armed struggle by the ANC.
Why did Mandela refuse to be released in 1985?
Because Botha offered to release him if he renounced violence and condemned the armed struggle. Mandela refused, knowing that he had to reject conditional offers of freedom. He did say that he was willing to negotiate.
What were the resistant groups during the path to talks?
COSATU (Congress Of South African Trade Unions)
UDF
COSATU and the UDF joined to create the Mass Democratic Movement.
When was F. W. de Klerk elected National Party leader?
1989 (Taylor’s version)
When was Nelson Mandela released?
February 11, 1990
Under which condition did the ANC give up the armed struggle?
In return for the government revoking some of the racial legislation.
What is CODESA?
Convention for a Democratic South Africa. They were negotiations to set terms for South Africa’s future.
Why did the CODESA negotiations fail?
They were suspended due to violence.
Who spearheaded the referendum on writing a new constitution in 1992?
F. W. de Klerk.
Why did the ANC oppose the 1992 referendum?
Because only white people were allowed to vote and they opposed this. They did say that de Klerk should win, and he did so with 96% of the votes.
Who was the head of the new government in 1994?
Nelson Mandela as president, with Thabo Mbeki and F. W. de Klerk as joint deputy presidents.
