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A2 American History > 1920-1929: Tensions > Flashcards

1920-1929: Tensions Flashcards

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1
Q

Which % of people lived below the poverty line?

A

60%

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2
Q

Which % of Blacks lived in the South?

A

70%

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3
Q

What did industry wages increase by relative to profit?

A

Profit increased 60%, wages only increased 8%

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4
Q

Which censorship measure was imposed on Hollywood?

A

the Hays Code - cinema blamed for looser sexual morality

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5
Q

Which % of people owned a radio by 1930?

A

40%

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6
Q

What did the 1917 Lever Act do?

A

Banned the use of grain in alcohol production

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7
Q

How many gangland murders were there in Chicago?

A

227, link to St Valentine’s Day massacre

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8
Q

How many speakeasies did Washington DC have?

A

700

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9
Q

Which % of alcohol was actually intercepted?

A

An estimated 5%

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10
Q

What was the estimated value of bootlegging?

A

$800 million by 1924

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11
Q

How much did George Remus make from bootlegging?

A

$5 million in 5 years

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12
Q

What was the value of bootlegging between Canada and Detroit?

A

$215 million annually

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13
Q

When and how many prohibition Enforcement Agents fined for corruption?

A

1929 - 10%

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14
Q

How many Prohibition Agents were there?

A

1,500 - only 200 in NY (32,000 speakeasies)

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15
Q

How much did deaths from alcohol increase?

A

600%

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16
Q

How many of the 1920s breweries reopened after Prohibition was repealed?

A

Only 1/2

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17
Q

How much did alcohol consumption fall by?

A

One third

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18
Q

Name a famous and successful prohibition enforcer

A

Moe Smith, Izzy Einstein

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19
Q

How much did the government spend on prohibition

A

$2 million ($5 million requested)

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20
Q

Which act introduced prohibition?

A

1920 Volsted Act (18th Amendment)

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21
Q

Which groups supported prohibtition

A

KKK- 5 million members in 1925
Women’s Christian Temperance Union
Anti-Saloon League

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22
Q

When was 50million litres of alcohol found and destroyed?

A

1929

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23
Q

What happened to Coca-Cola stock?

A

Doubled

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24
Q

How many speakeasies were there in New York/

A

32,000 - only 200 enforcement agents

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25
Q

Who famously accepted Prohibition bribes?

A

Harry Daugherty

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26
Q

Which Governor refused to spend money on Prohibition

A

Governor of Washington (700 speakeasies)

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27
Q

Which % of lawyers’ time was spent on Prohibition cases?

A

44% - led to minimal punishments eg fines

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28
Q

When was Prohibition repealed?

A

By FDR, 21st Amendment 1933 (Beer-Wine Revenue Act)

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29
Q

How much could stills be bought for to produce alcohol?

A

Only $7

30
Q

When was the Scopes ‘Monkey Trial’?

A

1925

31
Q

Where was the Scopes ‘Monkey Trial’?

A

Tennessee, 1925

32
Q

When was ‘The Passing of the Great Race’ published?

A

1916 - book on eugenics

33
Q

When were literacy tests introduced for immigrants?

A

1917

34
Q

What did Wilson say during WW1?

A

There was a need for ‘100% Americanism’

35
Q

When did an Italian anarchist blow himself up?

A

1919

36
Q

How many bombs were found in NY for ‘enemies of the revolution’?

A

16 in post offices, 18 elsewhere

37
Q

Where was a new department set up to control the ‘red scare’?

A

Within the Department of Justice

38
Q

When were the Palmer Raids?

A

1920

39
Q

How many arrests and deportations were made relating to the Red Scare?

A

5000 arrests, 500 deportations

40
Q

When and what was the Sacco and Vanzetti case?

A

2 violent robberies 1919 and 1920, executed in 1927

2 immigrants, Sacco and Vanzetti, were reported and convicted despite the lack of evidence - biased judge

41
Q

Why did the South worry about immigration?

A

Lots of immigrants went to the North - they worries about representation in politics

42
Q

What was another cause of resentment for immigration

A

From wage earners - worried that wages would reduce/they would not be hired

43
Q

Which policies were introduced limiting immigration?

A

1921 Emergency Quota Act (370,000p.a.)

1924 Quota Act (164,000p.a.)

44
Q

How many members and lynchings did the KKK have up to 1877?

A

1/2mil members, around 3,000 lynchings

45
Q

What sparked the reemergency of the Klan?

A

War, immigration, ‘Birth of a Nation’ film in 1915

46
Q

Who re-established the KKK?

A

Doc Simmons

47
Q

How many members did the KKK have 1921 compared to 1925?

A

1921- 10,000 members

1925 - 5 million members

48
Q

What were some tactics used by the KKK?

A

Lynchings, terror, financial blocking, influencing elections

49
Q

When was Doc Simmons joined by Elizabeth Tyler and Edgar Clark?

A

1920

50
Q

When did Tyler and Clark leave the Klan and why?

A

1924 - Tyler died, Clark arrested for fraud

51
Q

Who was the head of the Indiana KKK?

A

David Stephenson virtually controlled Indiana by 1924 - jailed for rape in 1925

52
Q

What was the membership of the KKK by 1930?

A

Dropped to 200,000

53
Q

Where was the majority membership of the KKK?

A

25% in Old South, 40% in Indiana, Ohio and Ilynois

54
Q

What did historian Blee say about the KKK?

A

‘Membership was not restricted to poor, downtrodden Americans’

55
Q

Name an example of the KKK influencing politics

A

Blocked the Democratic nomination of Al Smith in 1924
Organised a march on Washington in 1926
2 senators in Georgia were in the KKK
Influenced elections, ie in Ohio and Maine

56
Q

How many lynchings were there in the 1920s?

A

227

57
Q

What reduced the KKK membership?

A

More immigration policies
Financial scandals
DC Stephenson rape case 1925
Tyler’s death, Clark arrested for fraud

58
Q

How were Native Americans discriminated against?

A

Confined to infertile reservations; children forced to go to boarding schools; forced conversion to Christianity
However, given US citizenship in 1920

59
Q

Which % of Native Americans died and how?

A

90% - from illness, famine and genocide

60
Q

Which % of the population were African-American?

A

10% - but 85% of the population in the poor South US

61
Q

How did African Americans suffer discrimination?

A 
Jim Crow laws
Lower education meant they could not vote
Discrimination in housing and employment
25 states had race riots in 1919
KKK, ghettoes
62
Q

Which movements were set up to help the Black Civil Rights?

A

NAACP - 1909 by W DuBois

UNIA - Marcus Garbey, 1914

63
Q

How many members did the NAACP have by 1919

A

90,000

Won their 1st case against the ‘grandfather clause’ (voting) in 1915

64
Q

What was the Chinese Exclusion Act 1882?

A

Restricted Chinese immigration, made permanent in 1902. 1st law banning a specific ethnicity. Not repealed until the 1940s.

65
Q

When were women given the right to vote?

A

19th Amendment in 1920

However no obvious changes: no gender revolution, voted similarly to men (and less likely to vote), few entered politics

66
Q

How many women were in the House of Representatives by 1928?

A

Only two

67
Q

When was the Equal Rights Amendment first proposed?

A

In 1923, but failed until 1972

68
Q

How many women were employed in 1930?

A

10.5 million - 1 million in professions, 3.5 million in domestic services
Growth in clerical sector increased employment for women
(however often paid less)

69
Q

Where was the increasing affluence of women evident?

A

The cosmetic industry, which was worth $200 million annually

70
Q

What did the ‘Middletown’ (Alabama) study show?

A

86% owned their own homes and 99% had electricity, illustrating the increasing affluence.
However huge divide between MC and WC - for instance, 100% of MC had telephones but only 50% WC did

71
Q

Which % of rural areas had running water?

A

Only 32%

A2 American History (23 decks)

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