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microbiology 3 > 19.2 > Flashcards

19.2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

arbovirus encephalitis is most commonly caused by

A

flaviviruses

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2
Q

most important flaviviruses causing encephalitis are

A

japanese encephalitis virus
murray valley encephalitis vrus
west nile virus

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3
Q

murray valley encephalits virus is closely related to

A

japanese encephalitis virus

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4
Q

infection with murray valley encephalitis vrus

A

most ifections are asymptomatic - only a small proportin develop encephalitis

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5
Q

japanese encephalitis transmitted by

A

mosquitos - culex and aedes
mnatural cycel of tranmsision primarly involves pigs, also birds, bats, reptiles
man is not preferred host, transmission to hu,ans usually only occurs when mosquito populations are large

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6
Q

japanese encephalitis distribution

A

asia, south east asia, india subcontinent
has been detected on torres strait island, north queensland
manly a disease of rural areas

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7
Q

japanese encephalitis prevention

A

vaccine available

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8
Q

japanese encephalitis clinical signs

A

> 99% infections are subclinical
in areas of endemic transmission >80% adults are immune
mainly a disease affecting children 2-10 years, can also affect the elderly
occasionally seen in returned travellers
encephalitis usually severe
may present with high fever, altered consciousness, mild disorientation to severe confusion, delirium or coma
cranial nerve palsies are common

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9
Q

incubation period of japanese encephalitis

A

4-21 days

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10
Q

sequelae of JE

A

multiple seizures and status elipticus associated with poor outcome
long term neurological sequelae are common

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11
Q

JE MRI appearance

A

often diffuse white matter oedema, abnormal signals in thalamus, basal ganglia, cerebellum, midbrain, spinal cord

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12
Q

murray valley encephalitis

A

endemic in australia, top end and northern WA
- mosquito vector, Culex sp.
belongs to the JE complex of flvaivirus along with JE, WNV, and Kunjin virus
natural cycle involves mosquitos and waterbirds

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13
Q

vector of murray vellay encephalitis

A

culex sp.

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14
Q

monitoring of murray valley encephalitis

A

sentinel chickens

used to monitor flavivirus activity in an area

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15
Q

incubation period of murray valley encephalitis

A

1-4 weeks

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16
Q

clincial symptoms of murray valley encephalitis

A 
can affect patients of any age
broud spectrum of disease 
prodrome of 2-5 days fever and headache 
initial neurological features can include lethargy, irritability, confusion 
siezures common in children
17
Q

4 main patterns of progression of murray valley encaphlaitis

A
  1. progression to death
  2. spinal cord involvement and flaccid paralysis
  3. cranial nerve and brainstem involvement with tremor
  4. encephalitis and complete recovery
18
Q

MRI changes in murray valley encephalitis

A

may be visible within a week of symptom onset
changes include
- hyperintensity of deep grey matter, especially thalamus
- changes may also involve temporal lobe and cervical spinal cord

19
Q

west nile virus distribution

A

most common cause of epidemic encephalitis in US
epidemic and endemic transmission in africa, asia, mediterranean
related to kunjin virus - found in australia

20
Q

west nile virus vetor

A

culex sp.

natural cycle between mosquitos and birds

21
Q

west nile virus incubation period

A

2-14 day

22
Q

symptoms of west nile virus

A

80% infectious symptomatic
approx 20% develop acute, febrile, flu-like illness
<1% develop maningitis or encephalitis
neuroinvasive disease more common in patients >60 years
febrile prodrome
severe acute flaccid paralysis may occur, can resemble polio

23
Q

MRI changes in west nile virus

A

can appear normal in 30-50%

changes usually involve the thaalamus, basal gnaglia and brainstem

24
Q

sequelea of west nile virus

A

mortality fo around 12% in neuro-nvasive disease

long term neurological sequelae are common

25
Q

laboratory diagnosis of arbovirus encephalitis

A

CSF
serology on CSF
serology
PCR

26
Q

CSF for abrovirus encephalitis

A

elevated white cell count with lymphocytic pleocytosis
WCC may be normal, particularly when collected early in disease
glucose typically normal, protein typically raised

27
Q

serology on CSF for arbovirus diagnosis

A

detection of specific IgM

28
Q

serology for arbovirus diagnosis

A

patient serum for IgM and IgG

demonstration seroconversion

29
Q

PCR arbovirus encephalitis

A

plasma and CSF

negative result does not exclude flavivirus encephalitis

30
Q

are flavivirus infections notifiable

A

yes

microbiology 3 (10 decks)

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