1919-1929

Question 1

Define general strike

Answer 1

A mass strike involving a substantial amount of workers in a particular region, across man industries

Question 2

Who were targeted by the Government during the Red Scare?

Answer 2

Unionists, communists, foreigners and socialists

Question 3

What was the Government accusing targeted groups during the Red Scare?

Answer 3

Disloyalty and being apart of a worldwide communist conspiracy

Question 4

Why did Immigrants become resented?

Answer 4

Fear of their numbers, influence and believing they threatened American institutions and society

Question 5

What did the Immigration Act of 1917 also known as the Asiatic Barred Zone Act restrict?

Answer 5

Immigration from any country not owned by the USA adjacent to Asia

Question 6

What two dates were the Palmer raids and who sent/ what were they?

Answer 6

-November 1919 and January 1920
-Attorney General A Mitchell Palmer sent federal agents to raid the offices of radical organisations

Question 7

What was Congress’s and conservative’s reactions to the Palmer raids?

Answer 7

-Congress criticised it for breaching civil liberties
-Conservatives approved for suppressing radicals

Question 8

What happened to the two Italian Americans Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti?

Answer 8

-Accused and arrested for murdering a payroll guard and paymaster during a robbery on 15 April 1920 in Massachusetts
-Given death penalty despite the lack of evidence

Question 9

What did Sacco and Vanzetti believe?

Answer 9

They were anarchists who believed that government, churches and private property should be abolished and capitalism destroyed and felt that violence was an appropriate way to achieve this

Question 10

What was the Red Summer?

Answer 10

The epidemic of racial violence that swept the US in 1919-1920

Question 11

How many race riots were there and what did the federal government do about them?

Answer 11

-26
-They did nothing to stop the violence

Question 12

What did the Red Scare cause in terms of racial equality?

Answer 12

Groups that supported racial equality lost power and influence, the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People (NAACP) was driven out of the South and there was no equality in either the North or South

Question 13

Define eugenics

Answer 13

The theory of improving the genetic characteristics of a population by controlling reproduction in order to produce offspring with desirable characteristics

Question 14

What did many Americans believe surrounding immigrants?

Answer 14

The US(which they saw as superior) was being ‘polluted’ by foreigners

Question 15

What did employers see immigrants as and when/what did that change to?

Answer 15

-Cheap labour who would complete for work by accepting cheaper wages and poorer conditions
-By 1921 they joined the belief to limit immigration due to the fear of radicalism being greater than their desire for cheap labour

Question 16

What did the temporary Immigration Quota measure in 1921 state?

Answer 16

No more than 3% of the total foreign born population of each nationality in the US could be admitted

Question 17

What did the Immigration Act 1924 reduce the previous immigration quota in 1921 to?

Answer 17

2%

Question 18

What did president Calvin Coolidge declare while signing the Immigration Bill and what did it restrict?

Answer 18

-‘America must remain America’
-Immediately restricted the entry of Jews from eastern Europe

Question 19

Why did the KKK numbers increase in 1920?

Answer 19

Two public relations specialists Edward Young Clarke and Elizabeth Tyler made a deal with its founder William Simmons that in exchange for a share of the profits they would provide a recruitment system

Question 20

Which groups did the Klan target?

Answer 20

African Americans, Immigrants, Catholics and Jews

Question 21

Why did people join the KKK? (besides their own racism)

Answer 21

It was good for business as Klan members were expected to co-operate in business, and organise boycotts against Jewish and catholic enterprises

Question 22

Why did the KKK begin to decline by 1924?

Answer 22

As the organisation became wealthier, there were more battles for power and profits between the leaders and scandals began to appear exposing corruption and hypocrisy. It also failed to deliver on its promises and fear generated from the war, Red Scare and Red Summer dissipated due to the Immigration Act of 1924

Question 23

What promises did the Klan fail to deliver?

Answer 23

It was unable to assure law and order, end crime and immortality or turn America into a Protestant Anglo-Saxon nation but instead exacerbated law and order by carrying out vigilante actions, terrorising black and ethnic groups and sparked riots

Question 24

Define Anglo-Saxon nation

Answer 24

A nation full of people from British or English ancestry

Question 25

What did the Volstead Act ban?

Answer 25

The production and sale of wine, beer and sprits with the aim of reducing drunkenness, gambling and immortality in the country