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Anatomy Exam 3 > 19 - Pharynx & Larynx > Flashcards

19 - Pharynx & Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

This extends between the rami of the mandible and the base of the cranium.

A

Pharynx

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2
Q

The pharynx has 3 divisions, which are…

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Hypopharynx

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3
Q

This division of the pharynx opens into the nasal cavity.

A

Nasopharynx

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4
Q

This division of the pharynx opens into the oral cavity.

A

Oropharynx

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5
Q

This division of the pharynx is a continuation into the larynx and esophagus.

A

Hypopharynx

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6
Q

Muscles of mastication pass on either side of the ________ in the infratemporal fossa from cranium to mandible.

A

Pharynx

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7
Q

Posteriorly the pharynx is in contact with the _______ _______ of the somatic neck.

A

Prevertebral fascia

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8
Q

What marks the beginning of the nasopharynx?

A

Nasal choanae

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9
Q

What is the floor of the nasopharynx formed by?

A

Soft palate

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10
Q

What is the nasopharynx relation posteriorly?

A

Atlas

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11
Q

What is the nasopharynx relation superiorly?

A

Basilar occipital bone

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12
Q

What opens on the lateral wall of the nasopharynx?

A

Auditory tube

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13
Q

The cartilaginous wall of the auditory tube creates the _______ _______.

A

Torus tubarius

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14
Q

This muscle of the nasopharynx originates from the auditory tube and raises the pharynx during swallowing. It is covered by the salpingopharyngeal fold.

A

Salpingopharyngeus muscle

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15
Q

These are embedded in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx and regress by 8 years. Often get removed.

A

Pharyngeal tonsils (AKA adenoids)

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16
Q

The faucial pillars in the oropharynx are composed of what two muscles?

A

Palatoglossus muscle

Palatopharyngeus muscle

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17
Q

This lies between diverging fauces and contain palatine tonsils. It is related to space between superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors and represents the second pharyngeal pouch.

A

Tonsillar fossae

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18
Q

Where do tonsilar arterial branches come from?

A

Maxillary artery
Facial artery
Lingual artery

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19
Q

This is a ring of lymphoid tissue around the pharynx that includes: pharyngeal tonsils, palatine tonsils, tubal tonsils, and lingual tonsils.

A

Waldeyer’s ring

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20
Q

Pharyngeal musculature consists of three overlapping _________ and three diagonal muscles.

A

Constrictors

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21
Q

The pharyngeal musculature meet posteriorly at the ________ _______. They overlap constrictor muscles and have lateral gaps that occur between the constrictor muscles anteriorly.

A

Pharyngeal raphe

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22
Q

What is the pharyngeal musculature used for?

A

Swallowing

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23
Q

This part of pharyngeal musculature lies deep to mandibular ramus in infratemporal fossa. It is attached to the pterygoid plate and mandibular and maxillary alveolar processes. Posteriorly, it’s attached to the pharyngeal tubercle of the occipital bone.

A

Superior constrictor

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24
Q

The superior edge of the superior constrictor is free, creating a narrow space below the base of the cranium. This provides passage for what?

A

Auditory tube

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25
Q

This part of pharyngeal musculature arises anteriorly from the stylohyoid ligament and horns of hyoid bone. Its fibers pass posteriorly to the pharyngeal raphe.

A

Middle constrictor

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26
Q

The middle constrictor is separated from the superior constrictor by a gap. This gap provides passage for what 3 things?

A

Stylopharyngeus muscle
Pharyngeal branch of CN IX
Tonsilar branch of facial artery

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27
Q

This part of pharyngeal musculature fans out superiorly but becomes more tubular inferiorly. Its fibers insert posteriorly on pharyngeal raphe.

A

Inferior constrictor

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28
Q

The inferior constrictor has a __________ portion that functions as a sphincter at the superior end of the esophagus.

A

Cricopharyngeus

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29
Q

The gap above the superior pharyngeal constrictor is closed by what?

A

Pharyngobasilar fascia

30
Q

What traverses the gap above the superior pharyngeal constrictor?

A

Auditory tube

31
Q

The gap above the superior pharyngeal constrictor forms the _______ bed.

A

Tonsilar

32
Q

The gap above the middle constrictor is traversed by what?

A

Stylopharyngeus muscle

Glossopharyngeal nerve

33
Q

This muscle underlies the posterior faucial pillar and arises from the palate and inserts on the pharyngeal musculature.

A

Palatopharyngeus muscle

34
Q

The ___________ muscle functions as a sphincter between the oral cavity and pharynx. It helps raise the larynx during swallowing.

A

Palatopharyngeus

35
Q

What is the palatopharyngeus muscle innervated by?

A

CN X (Vagus)

36
Q

This muscle lies under the salpingopharyngeus fold and originates from torus tubarius. It inserts onto the mid pharynx musculature and raises the pharynx and larynx during swallowing.

A

Salpingopharyngeus muscle

37
Q

What innervates the salpingopharyngeus muscle?

A

CN X (Vagus)

38
Q

This muscle originates from the styloid process and passes through the hiatus between superior and middle constrictors. It inserts onto the pharyngeal musculature and thyroid cartilage and raises pharynx during swallowing.

A

Stylopharyngeus muscle

39
Q

What innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle?

A

CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)

40
Q

This is a nerve of the third arch that exits the skull via jugular foramen. It winds around stylopharyngeus muscle and enters pharynx through gap between superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors. It supplies the stylopharyngeus muscle.

A

CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)

41
Q

This is a nerve of the fourth (through sixth) arch and supplies all pharyngeal musculature except the stylopharyngeus muscle.

A

CN X (Vagus)

42
Q

These branches of the vagus nerve innervate the lower part of the inferior constrictor.

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerves

43
Q

What is the blood supply to the pharynx?

A

Ascending pharyngeal artery

44
Q

The ________ is formed by a rigid framework of bones, cartilage, and ligaments. It closes the airway during swallowing and Valsalva’s maneuver, and constricts the airway for phonation.

A

Larynx

45
Q

What are the unpaired symmetrical structures of the larynx?

A

Hyoid bone
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Epiglottis

46
Q

What are the paired cartilages of the larynx?

A

Arytenoid
Corniculate
Cuneiform

47
Q

This is a “U”-shaped bone of the larynx that has a median body, greater cornua (horns), and superior cornua. It is the attachment site for numerous muscles.

A

Hyoid bone

48
Q

This is a spoon-shaped structure that extends posteriorly and superiorly into the hypopharynx.

A

Epiglottis

49
Q

The anterior surface of the epiglottis is attached to the hyoid via what?

A

Hyoepiglottic ligament

50
Q

The epiglottis is attached to the thyroid cartilage via what?

A

Thyroepiglottic ligament

51
Q

The epiglottis has what folds?

A

Medial glossoepiglottic fold

Paired lateral glossoepiglottic folds

52
Q

These are located on either side of the median glossoepiglottic fold (epiglottis), and are common sites for lodgment.

A

Vallecular recesses

53
Q

This component of the epiglottis is inferior to the lateral glossoepiglottic folds.

A

Piriform fossae

54
Q

This nerve provides the innervation for the sensation from upper epiglottic surface.

A

CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)

55
Q

This nerve provides the innervation for taste buds of the epiglottis and sensation from lower epiglottis surface supraglottic larynx (cough reflex).

A

Superior laryngeal nerve (branch of CN X - Vagus)

56
Q

This is part of the laryngopharynx lateral to the larynx. Its lateral boundary is the thyrohyoid membrane and thyroid cartilage, and medial boundary is the aryepiglottic fold, arytenoid and cricoid cartilages. Site of lodgment.

A

Piriform recess

57
Q

The ________ is composed of paired laminae that meet at 90 degrees in males and 120 degrees in females.

A

Thyroid

58
Q

The thyroid consists of a superior thyroid notch, superior and inferior cornua, and a _________ membrane superiorly and _________ membrane inferiorly.

A

Thyrohyoid

Cricothyroid

59
Q

The cricoid cartilage lies at the level of which cervical vertebra?

A

C6

60
Q

These are paired and sit on superior surface of cricoid and articulate via ball-and-socket arrangement. They support the corniculate ligaments.

A

Arytenoids

61
Q

Arytenoids have muscular and _______ processes, which is the attachment for vocal ligament.

A

Vocal

62
Q

This lies between vestibular folds.

A

Vestibule

63
Q

These folds contain false vocal cords and rima vestibuli, which is the space between them.

A

Vestibular folds

64
Q

These folds contain true vocal cords and vocal ligaments.

A

Ventricular folds

65
Q

This is the space between vocal folds and is the narrowest part of the laryngeal cavity. It opens and closes to regulate passage of air.

A

Rima glottidis

66
Q

This lies between ventricular folds and lower border of cricoid cartilage. It is continuous inferiorly with the trachea.

A

Infraglottic cavity

67
Q

This branch of the vagus nerve goes to the cricothyroid muscle.

A

External laryngeal nerve

68
Q

This branch of the vagus nerve goes to all remaining muscles of the larynx and provides sensory innervation to mucosa of larynx below the vocal folds.

A

Inferior laryngeal nerve

69
Q

This branch of the vagus nerve provides sensory innervation to mucosa above vocal folds, piriform recess, and valleculae. It can be anesthetized in floor of piriform recess.

A

Internal laryngeal nerve

70
Q

This is a branch of the superior thyroid artery and provides blood supply to larynx.

A

Superior laryngeal artery

71
Q

This is a branch of the inferior thyroid artery and provides blood supply to larynx.

A

Inferior laryngeal artery

Anatomy Exam 3 (8 decks)

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