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Anatomy Exam 3 > 18 - Neck & Cervical Plexus > Flashcards

18 - Neck & Cervical Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

The first two cervical vertebrae are specialized as the ______ and ______.

A

Atlas

Axis

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2
Q

Cervical segments are the only ones with a _________ ________ (i.e., spinal roots of CN XI).

A

Branchial-motor outflow

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3
Q

What are 3 similarities between trunk and neck?

A

1) Both have vertebrae
2) Both have mixed spinal nerves
3) Both have separate epaxial and hypaxial muscle masses

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4
Q

The smooth muscles of the trunk gut are derived from ________ _______.

A

Unsegmented mesoderm

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5
Q

The gut tube in the neck is surrounded by striated branchial arch muscles, which are muscles of the _______ and _______. These muscles are derived from _______ _______ _______.

A

Pharynx
Larynx
Posterior pharyngeal arches

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6
Q

Superficial striated muscles of neck form an incomplete layer, which are the ________ and ________ muscles. These are derived from ______ ______ ______.

A

Trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid
Gill arch levators

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7
Q

The (NECK/TRUNK) lacks a coelom.

A

Neck

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8
Q

Hypaxial muscles in neck are innervated by what?

A

Ventral rami of spinal nerves

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9
Q

These are hypaxial muscles within the rectus cervicis series (rectus abdominis equivalents). The ones that lie deep are ________ and ________, and the ones that are superficial are the ________ and ________.

A

Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Sternohyoid
Omohyoid

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10
Q

The muscles in the rectus cervicis series are also called the ________ muscles.

A

Infrahyoid

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11
Q

This hypaxial muscle of the neck forms the incomplete floor of the mouth.

A

Geniohyoid

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12
Q

These hypaxial muscles of the neck are the _______ muscles, which are the intercostal muscle/abdominal oblique equivalents).

A

Scalene

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13
Q

This scalene muscle goes from the transverse processes of C3-C6 to the first rib.

A

Anterior scalene

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14
Q

This scalene muscle goes from the transverse processes of C5-C7 to the first rib.

A

Middle scalene

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15
Q

This scalene muscle goes from the transverse processes of C5-C7 to the second rib.

A

Posterior scalene

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16
Q

This hypaxial muscle of the neck goes from the upper three or four cervical transverse processes to the upper medial corner of the scapula.

A

Levator scapulae

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17
Q

These hypaxial muscles of the neck are prevertebral muscles (no equivalents elsewhere in the body). The lateral and anterior intertransversarri consist of…

A

Rectus capitis lateralis

Rectus capitis anterior

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18
Q

These hypaxial muscles of the neck are prevertebral muscles (no equivalents elsewhere in the body). The longer prevertebral muscles consist of…

A

Longus capitis

Longus colli

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19
Q

The prevertebral fascia covers the muscular floor (hypaxial muscles of neck) consisting of…

A 
Splenius capitis
Levator scapulae
Scalenus posterior
Scalenus medius 
Scalenus anterior 
Omohyoid
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20
Q

What is the superior border of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Mandible

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21
Q

What is the posterior border of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Sternocleidomastoid (anterior border of)

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22
Q

What is the anterior border of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Midline of the neck

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23
Q

What are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Muscular triangle
Submandibular triangle
Carotid triangle

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24
Q

This is a component of the muscular triangle made up of two in-line bellies, anterior and posterior.

A

Digastric

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25
Q

The digastric (muscular triangle) is innervated by two different cranial nerves based on embryological origin from two different ________ ________.

A

Pharyngeal arches (I and II)

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26
Q

What is the origin of the anterior belly of the digastric?

A

Digastric fossa of mandible

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27
Q

What is the insertion of the anterior belly of the digastric?

A

Posterior belly via intermediate tendon of hyoid bone

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28
Q

What actions does the anterior belly of the digastric perform?

A

Elevate hyoid and tongue
Open mouth
Depress mandible

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29
Q

What innervates the anterior belly of the digastric?

A

Mylohyoid nerve (branch of CN V3 - mandibular nerve)

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30
Q

What is the origin of the posterior belly of the digastric?

A

Mastoid notch of temporal bone

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31
Q

What is the insertion of the posterior belly of the digastric?

A

Anterior belly via intermediate tendon of hyoid bone

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32
Q

What actions does the posterior belly of the digastric perform?

A

Elevate hyoid and tongue
Open mouth
Depress mandible

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33
Q

What innervates the posterior belly of the digastric?

A

Facial nerve (CN VII)

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34
Q

What are the components of the muscular triangle (subdivision of anterior triangle of neck)?

A 
Digastric 
Stylohyoid 
Mylohyoid 
Geniohyoid 
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid 
Thyrohyoid 
Omohyoid
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35
Q

What is the origin of the stylohyoid?

A

Styloid process of temporal bone

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36
Q

What is the insertion of the stylohyoid?

A

Body of hyoid

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37
Q

What action does the stylohyoid perform?

A

Elevates and retracts hyoid

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38
Q

What innervates the stylohyoid?

A

Facial nerve (CN VII)

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39
Q

What is the origin of the mylohyoid?

A

Mylohyoid line of mandible

40
Q

What is the insertion of the mylohyoid?

A

Raphe and body of hyoid

41
Q

What action does the mylohyoid perform?

A

Elevates hyoid

42
Q

What innervates the mylohyoid?

A

Mylohyoid nerve (CN V3)

43
Q

What is the origin of the geniohyoid?

A

Inferior mental spine of mandible

44
Q

What is the insertion of the geniohyoid?

A

Body of hyoid

45
Q

What action does the geniohyoid perform?

A

Elevates hyoid

46
Q

What innervates the geniohyoid?

A

C1 via hypoglossal nerve

47
Q

What is the origin of the sternohyoid?

A

Manubrium

48
Q

What is the insertion of the sternohyoid?

A

Body of hyoid

49
Q

What action does the sternohyoid perform?

A

Depresses hyoid and larynx

50
Q

What innervates the sternohyoid?

A

Ansa cervicalis

51
Q

What is the origin of the sternothyroid?

A

Manubrium

52
Q

What is the insertion of the sternothyroid?

A

Thyroid cartilage

53
Q

What action does the sternothyroid perform?

A

Depresses hyoid and larynx

54
Q

What innervates the sternothyroid?

A

Ansa cervicalis

55
Q

What is origin of the thryohyoid?

A

Thyroid cartilage

56
Q

What is the insertion of the thyrohyoid?

A

Body and greater horn of hyoid

57
Q

What action does the thyrohyoid perform?

A

Depresses hyoid

Elevates larynx

58
Q

What innervates the thyrohyoid?

A

C1 via hypoglossal nerve

59
Q

The omohyoid consists of two bellies connected via an intermediate tendon which passes through a _______ _______.

A

Clavicular sling

60
Q

What is origin of the superior belly of the omohyoid?

A

Body of hyoid

61
Q

What is the origin of the inferior belly of the omohyoid?

A

Upper border of scapula

62
Q

What is the insertion of the omohyoid?

A

Intermediate tendon attached to clavicle and rib 1

63
Q

What action does the omohyoid perform?

A

Depresses hyoid

64
Q

What innervates the omohyoid?

A

Ansa cervicalis

65
Q

The common carotid artery does not give off any branches below the ________; lower part of the neck gets its blood supply from branches of the ________ artery.

A

Larynx

Subclavian

66
Q

What are the 4 branches of the subclavian artery that supply the lower neck?

A

Vertebral artery
Internal thoracic artery
Costocervical trunk
Thyrocervical trunk

67
Q

There are blood monitors near the point of bifurcation of the common carotid. There is a _______ _______ that is a dilated terminal portion of the common carotid and acts as a baroreceptor. There is also a _______ _______ that is a chemoreceptor.

A

Carotid sinus

Carotid body

68
Q

The (INTERNAL/EXTERNAL) carotid artery has no branches in the neck.

A

Internal

69
Q

The common carotid artery runs from the front of the ________ (at root of neck) toward the dorsal body wall (scaleni and prevertebral muscles).

A

Trachea

70
Q

The common carotid artery travels within the carotid sheath which contains…

A

Carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Part of vagus nerve

71
Q

The external carotid artery has three main branches that enter the neck. This is the anterior and lowest branch.

A

Superior thyroid artery

72
Q

The external carotid artery has three main branches that enter the neck. This is the medial branch.

A

Ascending pharyngeal artery

73
Q

The external carotid artery has three main branches that enter the neck. This is the posterior branch.

A

Occipital artery

74
Q

This branch of the external carotid is crossed by the hypoglossal nerve at its origin.

A

Lingual artery

75
Q

The superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery are terminal branches of what artery?

A

External carotid artery

76
Q

The facial artery, occipital artery, and posterior auricular artery are all branches of what artery?

A

External carotid artery

77
Q

The lingual and facial arteries (branches of external carotid) run (ANTERIORLY/POSTERIORLY).

A

Anteriorly

78
Q

The posterior auricular and occipital arteries (branches of external carotid) run (ANTERIORLY/POSTERIORLY).

A

Posteriorly

79
Q

The branches of the cervical plexus all come from what?

A

Ventral rami of C1-4 (C5 for motor)

80
Q

The cervical plexus runs partly with which cranial nerve?

A

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

81
Q

The sensory branches of the cervical plexus are…

A 
Great auricular (C2-3)
Lesser occipital (C2)
Transverse cervical (C2-3) 
Supraclavicular (C3-4)
82
Q

The lesser occipital nerve is a sensory branch of the cervical plexus. It comes from the ventral ramus of C2. What branches from the dorsal ramus of C2?

A

Greater occipital nerve

83
Q

What branches off the ventral rami of C3,4,5 and is involved in motor activity?

A

Phrenic nerve

84
Q

The motor branches of the cervical plexus supply what muscles?

A

Prevertebral muscles
Levator scapulae
Scalene muscles

85
Q

What are the prevertebral muscles?

A

Rectus capitis anterior
Rectus capitis lateralis
Longus capitis
Longus coli

86
Q

Which of the ventral rami supply the levator scapulae?

A

C3-4

87
Q

The motor branches of the cervical plexus also give off the…

A

Ansa cervicalis

88
Q

The ansa cervicalis supplies all the infrahyoid muscles except the ________.

A

Thyrohyoid

89
Q

This is part of the sympathetic trunk and is composed of fused inferior cervical ganglion and T1 ganglion.

A

Stellate ganglion

90
Q

This is part of the sympathetic trunk and is an elongated structure on the longus capitis muscle. It is at the level of C1 and C2.

A

Superior cervical ganglion

91
Q

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers from this ganglion supply all smooth muscles and glands of the head.

A

Superior cervical ganglion

92
Q

The sympathetic trunk ascends on the anterior surfaces of which two muscles?

A

Longus capitis

Longus colli

93
Q

The sympathetic trunk lies posterior to the common and internal carotids and lies deep to the ______ ______.

A

Carotid sheath

94
Q

The sympathetic trunk contains (PREGANGLIONIC/POSTGANGLIONIC) sympathetic fibers from T1 and T2 and T2 and GVA fibers as well from same levels.

A

Preganglionic

95
Q

The sympathetic trunk sends this to all cervical ventral rami.

A

Gray rami communicantes

Anatomy Exam 3 (8 decks)

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