19 July - Recency vs Testing, Encoding, LTM, Elaboration, Forgetting

Question 1

Shallow encoding or inappropriate encoding is the result of what?

Answer 1

Absent mindedness or multi-tasking

Question 2

What is the “Recency effect?”

Answer 2

The result of mass practice/cramming, allows for short term recall of information. But does not form long term neurological connections.

Question 3

What is semantic encoding?

Answer 3

Semantic encoding focuses on the meaning of words. Requires deeper levels of processing and usually results in better encoding.

Question 4

What are the benefits of elaboration?

Answer 4

Elaboration makes connections with prior-knowledge and helps personalize understanding.
Being able to create three links to prior-knowledge improves encoding.
Building these links makes the information self-referent.

Question 5

Interference forgetting has what two main properties?

Answer 5

Proactive: past learning interferes with current learning.

Retroactive - Current learning interferes with past learning.

Question 6

What is enriching encoding elaboration?

Answer 6

EEE is the mixing of sensory input at the time of encoding. AKA dual-encoding theory.

Question 7

LTM has what two parts?

Answer 7

Explicit memory

Implicit memory

Question 8

LTM’s duration is affected by what?

Answer 8

Practice. LTM requires practice to keep neuro connections strong.

Question 9

What is structrual encoding?

Answer 9

Structural encoding focuses on what words look like. For instance, one might note whether words are long or short.

Question 10

What is phonemic encoding?

Answer 10

Phonemic encoding focuses on how words sound.

Question 11

Encoding has what four levels of processing?

Answer 11

• Structural Encoding
• Phonemic “
• Semantic “
• Enriching encoding elaboration

Question 12

Explicit Memory aka Declarative memory has what two components?

Answer 12

Semantic = Book knowledge
Episodic = A record of personal experiences

Question 13

Pseudoforgetting is the result of what?

Answer 13

the illusion of knowledge, the info was never there to forget

Question 14

Forgetting has what four main components?

Answer 14

• Pseudoforgetting
• Inappropriate or shallow encoding
• Decay
• Interference

Question 15

Memory decay happens because of what reasons?

Answer 15

Thoughts change the brain… Brain changes make old neuro connections weaker.

Question 16

Implicit memory has what two main parts? And what do they mean?

Answer 16

Procedural memory: doing dishes, tying your shoes etc

Priming: For example being asked to recall a city starting with Ch, most people would say Chicago.

Question 17

What is the testing effect?

Answer 17

The ability to predict test questions and answers. Can be done from notes, reading or group Q&A sessions. Testing improves neurological connections and recall from LTM.

Question 18

When people think of LTM they’re usually thinking of what part of LTM?

Answer 18

Explicit memory

Question 19

What kind of learning is best connected with explicit memory?

Answer 19

Experiential Learning… is the opposite of Observational learning, Exp learning is based on what you’re doing and increased with stimulation of senses.