19 July - Recency vs Testing, Encoding, LTM, Elaboration, Forgetting Flashcards
Shallow encoding or inappropriate encoding is the result of what?
Absent mindedness or multi-tasking
What is the “Recency effect?”
The result of mass practice/cramming, allows for short term recall of information. But does not form long term neurological connections.
What is semantic encoding?
Semantic encoding focuses on the meaning of words. Requires deeper levels of processing and usually results in better encoding.
What are the benefits of elaboration?
Elaboration makes connections with prior-knowledge and helps personalize understanding.
Being able to create three links to prior-knowledge improves encoding.
Building these links makes the information self-referent.
Interference forgetting has what two main properties?
Proactive: past learning interferes with current learning.
Retroactive - Current learning interferes with past learning.
What is enriching encoding elaboration?
EEE is the mixing of sensory input at the time of encoding. AKA dual-encoding theory.
LTM has what two parts?
Explicit memory
Implicit memory
LTM’s duration is affected by what?
Practice. LTM requires practice to keep neuro connections strong.
What is structrual encoding?
Structural encoding focuses on what words look like. For instance, one might note whether words are long or short.
What is phonemic encoding?
Phonemic encoding focuses on how words sound.
Encoding has what four levels of processing?
- Structural Encoding
- Phonemic “
- Semantic “
- Enriching encoding elaboration
Explicit Memory aka Declarative memory has what two components?
Semantic = Book knowledge Episodic = A record of personal experiences
Pseudoforgetting is the result of what?
the illusion of knowledge, the info was never there to forget
Forgetting has what four main components?
- Pseudoforgetting
- Inappropriate or shallow encoding
- Decay
- Interference
Memory decay happens because of what reasons?
Thoughts change the brain… Brain changes make old neuro connections weaker.
Implicit memory has what two main parts? And what do they mean?
Procedural memory: doing dishes, tying your shoes etc
Priming: For example being asked to recall a city starting with Ch, most people would say Chicago.
What is the testing effect?
The ability to predict test questions and answers. Can be done from notes, reading or group Q&A sessions. Testing improves neurological connections and recall from LTM.
When people think of LTM they’re usually thinking of what part of LTM?
Explicit memory
What kind of learning is best connected with explicit memory?
Experiential Learning… is the opposite of Observational learning, Exp learning is based on what you’re doing and increased with stimulation of senses.
