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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM > 19-5 A&P > Flashcards

19-5 A&P Flashcards

1
Q

what are the organs of the female reproductive system

A

ovaries
fallopian tubes (uterine tubes or oviducts)
uterus
vagina
external organs: vulva and pudendum
mammary glands

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2
Q

what are the paired organs that produce secondary oocytes, also known as egg receptacles called in the female reproductive system

A

ovaries

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3
Q

what term refers to the external genitals of the female

A

vulva or pudendum

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4
Q

what female reproductive organ arise from the same embryonic tissue as testes in men

A

ovaries

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5
Q

what type of tissue covers the surface of the ovaries

A

germinal epithelium

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6
Q

what is the ovarian cortex

A

a region of dense connective tissue that contains ovarian follicles

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7
Q

where are ovarian follicles located

A

in the ovarian cortex

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8
Q

what is the mature follicle called

A

graafian

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9
Q

what is the large fluid filled follicle that is preparing to rupture and expel a secondary oocyte known as

A

graafian (mature follicle)

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10
Q

what does the ovulated follicle develop into

A

corpus luteum (yellow body)

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11
Q

what hormones does the corpus luteum (yellow body) produce

A

progesterone
estrogen
relaxin
inhibin

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12
Q

what does the corpus luteum turn into once it degenerates

A

corpus albicans (white body)

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13
Q

what layer of the ovaries consist of loose connective tissue, and contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves

A

ovarian medulla

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14
Q

what female reproductive organ is responsible for transporting the secondary oocyte from the ovaries to the uterus

A

fallopian tubes (uterine tubes)

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15
Q

what is the open funnel shaped end of each fallopian tube called

A

infundibulum

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16
Q

what are the fingerlike projections located at the end of the infundibulum called

A

fimbriae

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17
Q

where does the usual site of fertilization take place

A

in the fallopian tubes (uterine tubes)

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18
Q

when does fertilization occur

A

any time up to 24 hours after ovulation

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19
Q

how long does it take for the fertilized ovum (zygote) to descend into the uterus

A

7 days

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20
Q

what female reproductive organ is known as the womb

A

uterus

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21
Q

where is the site of implantation of a fertilized ovum

A

uterus

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22
Q

what is the source of menstrual flow

A

the uterus, when implantation does not occur

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23
Q

what are the three parts of the uterus

A

fundus
body
cervix

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24
Q

what is the interior of the body of the uterus called

A

uterine cavity

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25
Q

what is the middle muscular layer of the uterus called

A

myometrium

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26
Q

what type of muscle does the myometrium consist of

A

smooth muscle

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27
Q

what is the innermost part of the uterine wall called

A

endometrium

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28
Q

which layer of the uterus is responsible for nourishing a growing fetus

A

endometrium

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29
Q

what layer of the uterus is shed each month during menstruation if fertilization does not occur

A

endometrium

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30
Q

what is the tubular canal that extends from the exterior of the body to the uterine cervix

A

vagina

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31
Q

what is the area that surrounds the cervix

A

fornix

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32
Q

where in the vagina are the large stores of glycogen located

A

in the mucosa

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33
Q

what must be decomposed in order for the production of organic acids in the vagina to take place

A

glycogen

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34
Q

what is the thin fold of mucous membrane partially covering the vaginal orifice or vaginal opening called

A

hymen

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35
Q

what is the diamond shaped area between the thighs and buttocks called

A

perineum

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36
Q

what is the area called that contains the external genitals and anus of both males and females

A

perineum

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37
Q

what is the mons pubis

A

an elevation of adipose tissue covered by coarse hair

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38
Q

what provides cushion to the pubic symphysis

A

mons pubis

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39
Q

what are the two longitudinal folds of skin from the mons pubis that extends down and back

A

labia majora

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40
Q

what female reproductive organ is developed from the same embryonic tissue as the scrotum in males

A

labia majora

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41
Q

what does the labia major contain

A

adipose tissue
sebaceous glands (oil)
sudoriferous glands (sweat)
Hair

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42
Q

which of the external female genitals are covered by hair

A

mons pubis
labia majora

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43
Q

which external genitals of the female does not contain pubic hair

A

labia minora

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44
Q

what is the difference between labia majora and labia minora

A

labia majora:
- pubic hair
- adipose tissue
- sebaceous (oil) glands
- sudoriferous (sweat) glands

labia minora:
- does not contain pubic hair
- does not contain adipose tissue
- have few sudoriferous (sweat) glands
- numerous sebaceous (oil) glands

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45
Q

where is the clitoris located

A

at the anterior junction of the labia minora

46
Q

what is a small cylindrical mass of erectile tissue and nerves

A

clitoris

47
Q

what covers the body of the clitoris

A

prepuce or foreskin

48
Q

what is the exposed portion of the clitoris called

A

glans

49
Q

what is the region between the labia minora called

A

vestibule

50
Q

what is located in the vestibule

A
  • hymen
  • vaginal orifice
  • external urethra orifice
  • paraurethral glands (skene)
51
Q

what female reproductive organ develops from the same embryonic tissue as the prostate in males and is responsible for secreting mucus

A

paraurethral glands (skene glands)

52
Q

what is the function of the greater vestibular glands (bartholin glands)

A
  • produce mucus during sexual arousal and intercourse
  • provides lubrication
53
Q

bartholin glands in the female reproductive organs are equivalent to which male reproductive organ

A

bulbourethral glands

54
Q

what type of glands are mammary glands

A

modified sudoriferous (sweat) glands that produce milk

55
Q

what is the pigmented projection of the breast

A

nipple

56
Q

what is the circular pigmented area of skin that surrounds the nipple called

A

areola

57
Q

what type of gland produce milk

A

modified sudoriferous (sweat) glands

58
Q

what type of glands are found in the areola

A

modified sebaceous (oil) glands

59
Q

why does the areola appear rough

A

because it contains modified sebaceous (oil) glands

60
Q

how many lobes does each mammary gland consist of

A

15 to 20

61
Q

how are the 15 to 20 lobes in the mammary glands arranged

A

radially

62
Q

what are the lobes in the mammary glands separated by

A

adipose tissue and suspensory ligaments (cooper’s ligaments)

63
Q

what ligaments provide support to the breast

A

cooper’s ligaments

64
Q

what are the milk secreting glands called and where are they found

A
  • alveoli
  • found in the smaller lobules of each lobe
65
Q

what two hormones are responsible for breast development

A
  • estrogen
  • progesterone
66
Q

what is the function of mammary glands

A
  • synthesis of milk
  • secretion of milk
  • ejection of milk
67
Q

what is another name for the function of mammary glands

A

lactation

68
Q

what major hormone is responsible for the production (synthesis) of milk

A

prolactin
(estrogen and progesterone contribute as well)

69
Q

what hormone stimulates the ejection of milk

A

oxytocin

70
Q

where is oxytocin released from

A

POSTERIOR pituitary gland

71
Q

where is prolactin released from

A

anterior pituitary

72
Q

what is the formation and development of gametes in females

A

oogenesis

73
Q

what hormone controls the ovarian and uterine cycles

A

GnRH

74
Q

the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary is stimulated by the release of which hormone

A

GnRH

75
Q

which hormone is responsible for initiating follicle growth and the secretion of estrogen from the growing follicles

A

FSH

76
Q

what hormone stimulates further development of follicle growth

A

LH

77
Q

which hormone triggers ovulation and promotes the formation of the corpus luteum

A

LH

78
Q

which hormones does the corpus luteum produce and secrete

A
  • estrogen
  • progesterone
  • inhibin
  • relaxin
79
Q

what are the functions of estrogen

A
  • promotes the development and maintenance of female reproductive structures, feminine secondary sex characteristics, and mammary glands
  • stimulate protein synthesis
  • lowers blood cholesterol levels
80
Q

what are the secondary sex characteristics in females

A
  • distribution of adipose tissue in the breast, abdomen, mons pubis, and hips
  • broad pelvis
  • pattern of hair growth on the head and body
81
Q

what hormone along with estrogen is responsible for preparing the endometrium for implantation of a fertilized ovum

A

progesterone

82
Q

what hormone is responsible for preparing the mammary glands for milk secretion

A

progesterone

83
Q

what hormone produced by the corpus luteum is responsible for inhibiting contractions of the myometrium

A

relaxin

84
Q

during pregnancy what hormone does the placenta produce

A

relaxin, to continue to relax the uterine smooth muscles

85
Q

what hormone increases the flexibility of the pubic symphysis and helps dilate the uterine cervix

A

relaxin

86
Q

what hormone is released to ease the delivery of the baby

A

relaxin

87
Q

when is inhibin secreted

A

secreted after ovulation by the growing follicles and corpus luteum

88
Q

what is the duration of the female reproductive cycle

A

28 days

89
Q

the female reproductive cycle varies from ____ to ____ days

A

24 to 36 days

90
Q

what are the 4 phases of the female reproductive cycle

A
  • phase 1: menstrual phase
  • phase 2: pre ovulatory phase
  • phase 3: ovulation
  • phase 4: post ovulatory phase
91
Q

how long does the menstrual phase last

A

first 5 days

92
Q

what marks the first day of a new cycle

A

the first day of menstruation

93
Q

what occurs in the ovaries during menstrual phase

A

ovarian follicles grow and enlarge

94
Q

how many mL of blood does menstrual flow consist of

A

50 - 150mL

95
Q

the declining levels of what two hormones cause the uterine arteries to constrict

A
  • progesterone
  • estrogen
96
Q

which layer of the uterus sloughs off during menstrual phase due to the lack of oxygen

A

endometrium

97
Q

what phase of the female reproductive cycle accounts for the most variation in cycle length

A

pre ovulatory phase

98
Q

What days does the pre ovulatory phase occur

A

Day 6 to day 13

99
Q

what events are taking place in the ovaries during pre ovulatory phase

A
  • follicles continue to grow and begin to secrete estrogen and inhibin
  • by day 6, a single follicle becomes the dominant follicle
  • dominant follicle secretes estrogen and inhibin (which decreases the secretion of FSH)
  • dominant follicle becomes graafian follicle
  • LH surge
100
Q

what is the term for the menstrual phase and pre ovulatory phase together

A

follicular phase

101
Q

what events are taking place in the uterus during pre ovulatory phase

A
  • estrogen stimulates the repair of the endometrium
  • endometrium thickens
102
Q

in which phase of the female reproductive cycle does the endometrium repair, endometrial thickens, and short, strait endometrial glands develop, and arterioles coil and lengthens

A

pre ovulatory phase

103
Q

what is the rupture of the graafian follicle and the release of the secondary oocyte called

A

ovulation

104
Q

what day does ovulation occur

A

day 14

105
Q

what is the most constant phase of the female reproductive cycle

A

post ovulatory phase

106
Q

how long does the post ovulatory phase last

A

14 days (from day 15 to day 28)
2 weeks

107
Q

how long does the corpus luteum last if it is not fertilized

A

2 weeks

108
Q

what hormone is produced by the embryo

A

hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)

109
Q

hCG is produced after how many days of fertilization

A

8 days after fertilization

110
Q

what hormone is detected by the home pregnancy test

A

hCG

111
Q

what test can be used to predict ovulation a day in advanced

A

over the counter home test that detects LH surge

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM (4 decks)

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