18th-19th century

Question 1

why did irish migrate in the 18th-19 century

Answer 1

economic, health, better life; often went to england for seasonal work, poverty, 1815-agricultural collapse, food shortages/high prices, english factories more efficient, potato famine

Question 2

why did french migrate in the 18th-19 century

Answer 2

forced- running away from french revolution

Question 3

why did germans migrate in the 18th-19 century

Answer 3

warfare/economic- avoid warfare between german states, freedom

Question 4

why did italians migrate in the 18th-19 century

Answer 4

warfare/health/better life- avoid warfare, changes in agriculture meant poverty and outbreaks of typhus and britain was healthier

Question 5

why did africans migrate in the 18th-19 century

Answer 5

forced- transatlantic slave trade

Question 6

why did indians migrate in the 18th-19 century

Answer 6

forced/education- trade increased in england, Princes forced out of lands by East India Company, becomes fashionable to get english education

Question 7

why did chinese migrate in the 18th-19 century

Answer 7

forced/economic- english traded drugs for luxury items, forced to trade, chose to move to continue work

Question 8

why did jews migrate in the 18th-19 century

Answer 8

better life- 65000 migrated, many prospered, restrictions lifted, 1880-1900 -over 100000 jews arrived, poor on arrival, fleeing persecution in Russian Empire

Question 9

why did people migrate internally in the 18th-19 century

Answer 9

better life/economic- countryside to city for better jobs and everyday life

Question 10

what was the experience of irish migrants in the 18th-19 century (positive or negative)

Answer 10

overall negative- low pay/dangerous work .
positive- 1868- 55,000 irish soldiers in british army
negative- only had a few specialist skills; hard labouring work in docks, mines, canals, railways, many killed, injured, poor, prejudiced

Question 11

what was the experience of jewish migrants in the 18th-19 century (positive or negative)

Answer 11

mostly negative- segregation, prejudice, 1871- 9 people to a house, 1901- 14 people to a house.
positive- 1881-1914 - 2/3 jews worked in 3 main trades (clothing, shoemaking, furniture-making)
negative- many worked in sweatshops, antisemitism

Question 12

what were the experience of african migrants (in the 18th-19 century (positive or negative))

Answer 12

in the middle- slavery but worked in major cities, some earned more than others
positive- 1786-Commitee for the Relief of Black poor- food and clothing
negative- forced to come by owners, worked as servants, slavery

Question 13

what were the experience of Indian migrants in the 18th-19 century (positive or negative)

Answer 13

in the middle- had to stay working
negative- Ayahs became destitute from 1855- 50-60 found in lodging house and 140 found in London slums
positive- stayed with wealthy families

Question 14

what was the experience of chinese migrants in the 18th-19 century (positive or negative)

Answer 14

in the middle- had to stay working
positive- 1880’s- lascars helped build Manchesters ship canal
negative- some became destitute, roaming streets, begging, stealing, starved in cold

Question 15

what were the experience of german migrants in the 18th-19 century (positive or negative)

Answer 15

positive- shopkeepers, small businesses
positive- engineers/scientists; Mond was a chemist who set up Brunner-Mond in Liverpool and was very successfull

Question 16

what was the experience of italian migrants in the 18th-19 century (positive or negative)

Answer 16

mostly positive- farmers, ice cream sellers, musicians
positive- made/sold icecream (big business in england), ran icecream parlours, street musicians, 1881- one thousand street musicians
negative- hard manual work laying asphalt on new roads

Question 17

how did migration from the 18th-19 century impact political thinking and Chartism

Answer 17

Feorgus O’connor- Chartist Movement (1774-1884);
Freidrich Engels and Karl Marx wrote a book about the condition of the working class in england called “Communist Manifesto” (1844);
William Cuffay worked as a tailor, took part in a strike and was sacked (1834) joined the chartists, elected president of London chartists, supported militant actions, transported to transmania, got involved in radical thinking and died a pauper (poor)

Question 18

how did migration from the 18th-19 century impact food

Answer 18

chinese restaurants, italian ice creams for normal people not just the rich

Question 19

how did migration from the 18th-19 century impact the abolition of slavery

Answer 19

Olaudah Equiano showed black people could be educated, travelled around britain, gave talks, autobiography of slavery (1738);
Ottobah Cugano published “Thoughts and sentiments on the evil and wicked traffic of the slavery and commerce of the Human species (1787);
Ignatius Sancho was a property owner, first black man to vote (1774 and 1780), wrote “The letters of Ignatius Sancho, an African”

Question 20

how did migration from the 18th-19 century impact communications and transport

Answer 20

Irish Navvies helped build railways, roads, canals, work was dirty/ dangerous, impacted economy;
Paul Reuter created telegraph system between Aachen to Brussels, so in 1851 set up Reuters News agency in London and reported international news for first time in britain

Question 21

how did migration from the 18th-19 century impact trade and shopping

Answer 21

M&S- jewish migrants called Michael Marks and Tom Spencer, escpaing persecution, 1884- set up stall in Kirkgate Market, Leeds, 1894- opened major stores/chain;
Moss Bros- Moses Moss dealt second hand clothes (1850s);
Burtons Menswear- Montagu burton from Lithuania