18th-19th century Flashcards
why did irish migrate in the 18th-19 century
economic, health, better life; often went to england for seasonal work, poverty, 1815-agricultural collapse, food shortages/high prices, english factories more efficient, potato famine
why did french migrate in the 18th-19 century
forced- running away from french revolution
why did germans migrate in the 18th-19 century
warfare/economic- avoid warfare between german states, freedom
why did italians migrate in the 18th-19 century
warfare/health/better life- avoid warfare, changes in agriculture meant poverty and outbreaks of typhus and britain was healthier
why did africans migrate in the 18th-19 century
forced- transatlantic slave trade
why did indians migrate in the 18th-19 century
forced/education- trade increased in england, Princes forced out of lands by East India Company, becomes fashionable to get english education
why did chinese migrate in the 18th-19 century
forced/economic- english traded drugs for luxury items, forced to trade, chose to move to continue work
why did jews migrate in the 18th-19 century
better life- 65000 migrated, many prospered, restrictions lifted, 1880-1900 -over 100000 jews arrived, poor on arrival, fleeing persecution in Russian Empire
why did people migrate internally in the 18th-19 century
better life/economic- countryside to city for better jobs and everyday life
what was the experience of irish migrants in the 18th-19 century (positive or negative)
overall negative- low pay/dangerous work .
positive- 1868- 55,000 irish soldiers in british army
negative- only had a few specialist skills; hard labouring work in docks, mines, canals, railways, many killed, injured, poor, prejudiced
what was the experience of jewish migrants in the 18th-19 century (positive or negative)
mostly negative- segregation, prejudice, 1871- 9 people to a house, 1901- 14 people to a house.
positive- 1881-1914 - 2/3 jews worked in 3 main trades (clothing, shoemaking, furniture-making)
negative- many worked in sweatshops, antisemitism
what were the experience of african migrants (in the 18th-19 century (positive or negative))
in the middle- slavery but worked in major cities, some earned more than others
positive- 1786-Commitee for the Relief of Black poor- food and clothing
negative- forced to come by owners, worked as servants, slavery
what were the experience of Indian migrants in the 18th-19 century (positive or negative)
in the middle- had to stay working
negative- Ayahs became destitute from 1855- 50-60 found in lodging house and 140 found in London slums
positive- stayed with wealthy families
what was the experience of chinese migrants in the 18th-19 century (positive or negative)
in the middle- had to stay working
positive- 1880’s- lascars helped build Manchesters ship canal
negative- some became destitute, roaming streets, begging, stealing, starved in cold
what were the experience of german migrants in the 18th-19 century (positive or negative)
positive- shopkeepers, small businesses
positive- engineers/scientists; Mond was a chemist who set up Brunner-Mond in Liverpool and was very successfull
what was the experience of italian migrants in the 18th-19 century (positive or negative)
mostly positive- farmers, ice cream sellers, musicians
positive- made/sold icecream (big business in england), ran icecream parlours, street musicians, 1881- one thousand street musicians
negative- hard manual work laying asphalt on new roads
how did migration from the 18th-19 century impact political thinking and Chartism
Feorgus O’connor- Chartist Movement (1774-1884);
Freidrich Engels and Karl Marx wrote a book about the condition of the working class in england called “Communist Manifesto” (1844);
William Cuffay worked as a tailor, took part in a strike and was sacked (1834) joined the chartists, elected president of London chartists, supported militant actions, transported to transmania, got involved in radical thinking and died a pauper (poor)
how did migration from the 18th-19 century impact food
chinese restaurants, italian ice creams for normal people not just the rich
how did migration from the 18th-19 century impact the abolition of slavery
Olaudah Equiano showed black people could be educated, travelled around britain, gave talks, autobiography of slavery (1738);
Ottobah Cugano published “Thoughts and sentiments on the evil and wicked traffic of the slavery and commerce of the Human species (1787);
Ignatius Sancho was a property owner, first black man to vote (1774 and 1780), wrote “The letters of Ignatius Sancho, an African”
how did migration from the 18th-19 century impact communications and transport
Irish Navvies helped build railways, roads, canals, work was dirty/ dangerous, impacted economy;
Paul Reuter created telegraph system between Aachen to Brussels, so in 1851 set up Reuters News agency in London and reported international news for first time in britain
how did migration from the 18th-19 century impact trade and shopping
M&S- jewish migrants called Michael Marks and Tom Spencer, escpaing persecution, 1884- set up stall in Kirkgate Market, Leeds, 1894- opened major stores/chain;
Moss Bros- Moses Moss dealt second hand clothes (1850s);
Burtons Menswear- Montagu burton from Lithuania
