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History USA > 1890 - 1912 - Populism, Progressivism and Imperialism > Flashcards

1890 - 1912 - Populism, Progressivism and Imperialism Flashcards

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1
Q

Two main reasons for emergence of the Populists

A
  • Wanted Silver coinage

- Agricultural discontent

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2
Q

Populist party formed?

A

1892

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3
Q

Ratio of votes between Bryan and McKinley in the 1896 election.

A

Bryan 6500,000 : 7000,000 Mckinley

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4
Q

Brief era of Populism demonstrated…..

A

Increasing dissatisfaction with main political parties.

Increasing demand for more liberal politics.

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5
Q

How did Mark Hanna (a rich businessman) influence the 1896 election.

A

He spent $3 Million supporting the Republican party, and launched a smear campaign against Bryan.

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6
Q

Three progressive Presidents

A
  • Theodore Roosevelt
  • William Taft
  • Woodrow Wilson
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7
Q

Why did progressive movement emerge?

A
  • Economic problems, causing social problems.
  • Need for political reform
  • Need to regulate big business
  • Influence of the media
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8
Q

Sherman Silver Purchase Act 1890

A

Government would buy 4,500,000 ounces of silver each month for use in coinage

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9
Q

President Cleveland repealed the Silver Purchase Act

A

1896

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10
Q

McKinley tariff - When and what?

A

1890 - Imposed tariffs of up to 50% on imports

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11
Q

Price of wheat fell from $1.60 a bushel in 1860, to …….?

A

60 cents a bushel in 1890

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12
Q

Between 1860 and 1890, Cotten fell from 30 cents a bushel to ……?

A

6 cents a bushel

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13
Q

Influence of the media on society

A

The press played a major role in exposing the evils of US society / politics

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14
Q

Social aims of the progressive movement

A
  • Female vote
  • Creation of a state welfare system
  • Reforms to help AA’s
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15
Q

Political aims of the progressive movement

A
  • Female vote

- Greater role for federal gov in regulation of big business

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16
Q

Economic aims of the progressive movement

A
  • Wanted to regulate working hours, and make employers recognise trade unions
  • Silver coinage
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17
Q

Theodore Roosevelt presidency dates

A

Sep 1901 - March 1909

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18
Q

How many anti-trust prosecutions did Roosevelt embark on?

A

44, in 1904

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19
Q

Department of Commerce and Labour act - When and what?

A

1903

Created a department of Commerce that was given the power to collect data from any interstate business

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20
Q

Hepburn act - When and what?

A
  • 1906
  • Federal gov could inspect the books of railroad companies and could set the maximum rates they could charge passengers.
    (Was an attempt to protect the public from exploitation)
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21
Q

Anthracite Coal Strike

Example of Roosevelt intervening in labour dispute

A
  • 1902
  • Employers locked out miners who had gone on strike for better pay and 8 hour working day.
  • Roosevelt summoned both sides to Washington and told them that if they didn’t agree to arbitration he would send troops to work the mines.
  • Employers settled for a wage increase and 9 hour working day
  • This was significant because for the first time a President hadn’t taken the side of the employer.
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22
Q

How many acres of forest did Roosevelt order be planted on federal reserves?

A

150 million acres

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23
Q

Pure Food and Drug act

A

Roosevelt passed in 1906.

Begun the process of ending food adulteration.

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24
Q

Roosevelt vs. Northern Securities Company - what happened?

A
  • Roosevelt started proceedings against Northern Securities Company in 1902, (a holding company controlling several railroads).
  • Took on powerful businessmen who appeared to be using the companies monopoly to create excess profit.
  • In 1904 the Supreme court decided that the company was illegal.
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25
Q

Was Roosevelt a successful progressive president?

A
  • He continued to take action against big business
  • Seemed to show genuine care for the underdog
  • Brought the presidential office into the arena of economic and social reform.
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26
Q

Presidency of Taft

A

1909 - 1912

27
Q

Taft’s Achievements

A
  • Initiated twice as many anti trust suits as Roosevelt’s
  • Introduced an 8 hour working day
  • Introduced mine safety legislature
28
Q

The Firm of Dupont controlled what percentage of the nations electric power?

A

85%

29
Q

Why didn’t President Cleveland intervene much in the depression of 1893

A

He believed that the economy would sort itself out on it own, and that it was naturally cyclical

30
Q

Depression of 1893 stats…

A
  • 24 businesses failed per day in May.
  • 4 year depression, 15,000 companies failed.
  • National unemployment was over 20%
31
Q

What were the two main causes of the 1893 economic panic

A
  • Depletion of federal gold reserves

- Reading railroad declared bankruptcy

32
Q

What caused the agricultural discontent?

A

Falling prices for agricultural goods, and larger prices for transportation of goods.
Farmers no longer felt self sufficient.

33
Q

How many strikes in 1886?

A

1400

34
Q

Pittsburgh steelworkers strike

A
  • 1892
  • Workers went on strike when employers refused to negotiate with them after a cut in wages
  • Militia called in when strike breakers attacked
  • After 5 months the strike failed when workers had no money for food.
35
Q

Pullman strike

A
  • 1894
  • First national strike in the USA
  • Pullman company cut wages but refused to lower rents for workers houses
  • President Cleveland agreed to send in federal troops to keep the trains running
  • Rioting resulted in troops firing into a crowd, killing 4 people.
  • Federal government had shown itself hostile to unions
36
Q

American Federation of Labour created

A

1885

37
Q

How many immigrants between 1860 and 1900?

A

Over 14 million

38
Q

New York Irish population fact?

A

City of NY had twice as many Irish as city of Dublin

39
Q

By 1890 what portion of the population was Chinese?

A

One 10th of the population was Chinese

40
Q

Why did some dislike immigrants?

A
  • Overcrowded cities

- Typically used as strikebreakers

41
Q

American Protective Association

A

Set up in 1887 to put pressure on the government to limit immigration

42
Q

Chinese Exclusion Act

A

1882, prevented immigration from China

43
Q

Segregated railroad carriages introduced

A

1887

44
Q

Plessy Vs. Fergusson

A

1896, reinforced legality of segregation

45
Q

Mississippi introduced a literacy test in order to register to vote

A

1890

46
Q

Booker T. Washington?

A
  • Pro-segregation

- Speech in Atlanta 1895

47
Q

W.E.B. Du Bois

A

Founded the Niagara movement in 1905, encouraged protests to demand civil rights.

48
Q

Position of African Americans in 1912

A
  • Their right to vote had been removed in the south
  • Lack of political power made it difficult to challenge white supremacy and achieve legal equality.
  • However, chances of receiving education increased.
  • AA’s were free to migrate North
  • Civil rights protest movement had developed by the end of this period.
49
Q

Motives for imperialism

A
  • Progressive imperialism
  • Need for markets
  • End of westward expansion
  • Preclusive imperialism
50
Q

Evidence for increasing US imperialism

A
  • Samoa
  • Hawaii
  • Phillipines
  • Spanish War
51
Q

Reasons for US involvement in the Spanish War

A
  • Aggressive patriotic press campaign
  • Wanted to protect business interests in Cuba
  • Maine incident
  • Private letter from a Spanish minister in Washington made public.
52
Q

Results of the Spanish War

A
  • Cuban independence
  • Spain lost its American empire, gave Puerto Rico and Guam to the US
  • US purchased the Philippines for $20 million
53
Q

Roosevelt Corollary - What and when?

A
  • 1904

- Sanctioned US armed intervention in Latin America when necessary

54
Q

US involvement in Panama

A
  • 1903

- USA support Panamanian revolt against rule of Columbia, sent a battleship.

55
Q

Panama Canal completed

A

1914

56
Q

US involvement in Nicaragua

A
  • 1909
  • Anti American president cancelled US economic privileges.
  • President Taft sent in marines to install a pro-American president.
57
Q

US and the Philippines

A
  • US purchased from Spain for $20 million as a term of the Spanish war peace settlement.
  • Filipino resistance necessitated that 126,000 troops be stationed there.
58
Q

US and Venezuela

A
  • Example of lack of imperialism, and US moral superiority
  • Britain and Venezuela in dispute over Venezuelas border with British colony Guiana
  • US threatened to send 54 vessels to the area if Britain didn’t agree to arbitration
  • Arbitration decided in favour of Venezuela
59
Q

US and the Philippines

A
  • 1898 - US purchased from Spain for $20 million as a term of the Spanish war peace settlement.
  • Filipino resistance necessitated that 126,000 troops be stationed there.
60
Q

US and Venezuela

A
  • 1895
  • Example of lack of imperialism, and US moral superiority
  • Britain and Venezuela in dispute over Venezuelas border with British colony Guiana
  • US threatened to send 54 vessels to the area if Britain didn’t agree to arbitration
  • Arbitration decided in favour of Venezuela
61
Q

What/when was the open Door policy?

A

1899 - Asked states to respect each others trading interests in China, even when in each others spheres of interest.

62
Q

Second open door note

A

1900 - Asserted principle of equal and impartial trade, and that in future the US would protect its citizens living in China

63
Q

Root Takahira Agreement

A

1908 - US and Japan agreed to respect each others interests in China, and to keep the pacific in its current state

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