1865 - 1877 - Reconstruction

Question 1

Economic differences between North and South USA before the Civil War

Answer 1

• North had nearly double the population of the south.

- North welcomed industrialisation whilst South retained traditional farming, so South was poorer than North.

Question 2

Cultural differences between North and South USA before the Civil War

Answer 2

• South supported slavery and was very strongly Christian.

- North was better educated and more liberal / open minded.

Question 3

Political differences betweenNorth and South USA before the Civil War

Answer 3

South wanted states to keep power, North wanted increase in powers of Federal government.

Question 4

Slavery statistics - 1860 South USA

Answer 4

• 4 Million slaves.

- 1 in 4 southern families owned a slave.

Question 5

How many states had banned slavery by 1858?

Answer 5

19 northern states

Question 6

How many Americans died in the Civil War?

Answer 6

Over 600,000

Question 7

Name the 3 Presidents of the reconstruction period

Answer 7

Abraham Lincoln
Andrew Johnson
Ulysses Grant

Question 8

Date of the 10% Plan

Answer 8

April 1864

Question 9

What was the 10% Plan?

Answer 9

Rebel states would be admitted to the Union if 10% of their electorate agreed to an oath of future allegiance to USA.

Question 10

Names of the two radical republicans dissatisfied with the leniency of the 10% plan?

Answer 10

Henry Davis

Benjamin Wade

Question 11

Date of the Wade-Davis bill

Answer 11

June 1865.

Question 12

Example of the 10% plan working

Answer 12

State of Louisiana joined union. (In 1864)

Question 13

When did the Civil War begin and end? (Only need years)

Answer 13

1861 - 1865

Question 14

What was the Wade-Davis Bill?

Answer 14

• A less lenient replacement for Lincolns 10% plan.
• Required 50% of electorate to swear oath of allegiance.
• Was vetoed by Lincoln.

Question 15

What / when was the 13th Amendment?

Answer 15

Formally freed all slaves in the US - January 1865.

Question 16

Freedmans Bureau

Answer 16

• Started in March 1865 by Lincoln.

- Helped AA’s by establishing schools and advising on employment.

Question 17

When did Andrew Johnson become President? (Following Lincolns assassination)

Answer 17

April 1865

Question 18

Dates of Ulysses Grant’s Presidency

Answer 18

March 1869 - March 1877

Question 19

What was President Johnson like?

Answer 19

• Seemed to share racial views of white southerners.

- Wanted fast reconstruction, he favoured leniency.

Question 20

Civil Rights Bill 1866

Answer 20

• Strengthened powers of Freedmans Bureau.
• Johnson vetoed because he knew the bill would anger Southerners and delay reconstruction.
• Congress overturned the presidential veto, as it had 2/3 majority in both houses.

Question 21

What / when was the 15th Amendment?

Answer 21

Ensured that all citizens of any race could vote - 1869.

Question 22

How did Southern states prevent AA’s from voting despite the 15th Amendment?

Answer 22

• Literacy tests
• Grandfather Clause, by which only people whose father or grandfather was able to vote before 1867 were allowed to vote.

Question 23

What was President Grant like?

Answer 23

In favour of firm treatment of the south during reconstruction.

Question 24

How did the period of reconstruction end?

Answer 24

• Votes were contested during the close run presidential election of 1876-77 between Hayes and Tilden.
• A special commission allocated contested votes to Hayes in a secret deal between the Republican and Democrat parties.
• The Democrats would accept Hayes (Republican) as President so long as he withdrew troops from the south.

Question 25

What was the Military reconstruction bill?

Answer 25

• Imposed military rule on the South, 1867.

Question 26

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 26

• Issued by Lincoln in Early 1863.

- Declared that all Slaves shall be free.

Question 27

Year that KKK was set up in?

Answer 27

1866

Question 28

Reasons for industrial growth during period of Reconstruction

Answer 28

• Effect of Civil War
• Population growth
• Development of the railroads

Question 29

How did Civil War contribute to industrial growth?

Answer 29

Stimulated demand for manufactured goods, and developed methods of mass production and distribution.
Tariffs set up during the war benefitted US based business over imports.

Question 30

How did expansion west contribute to industrial growth?

Answer 30

Availability of new land led to mass agricultural production.
Expansion created demand for railroad extension.

Question 31

How did population growth contribute to industrial growth?

Answer 31

Provided lots of cheap labour.

Larger population meant more consumption of necessities such as food and clothes.

Question 32

Between 1860 and 1880 the US population increased from 30 Million to …….?

Answer 32

50 Million

Question 33

First transcontinental railroad completed

Answer 33

1869

Question 34

Between 1868 and 1873, “………….”km of new track was laid across the country.

Answer 34

53,000 km

Question 35

How did the development of the railroads contribute to industrial growth?

Answer 35

• Employed thousands of workers

- Increased demand for goods such as steel and coal

Question 36

How many people were employed working on the railroads by 1900?

Answer 36

Over 1 Million

Question 37

How did the role of government contribute to industrial growth?

Answer 37

• Federal government had no role in the economy, so businessmen had no restrictions on working hours and no taxes on profits.
• Congress and State governments were dominated by business interests, so no legislation was passed that interfered with businesses.

Question 38

Two new business methods that helped economic growth

Answer 38

Corporations and trusts

Question 39

Population of Chicago rose from 30,000 in 1950 to ………. in 1890.

Answer 39

Over a million inhabitants

Question 40

Cities grew in size fast. This led to…

Answer 40

The rapid expansion of poor quality housing and overcrowding within the slums

Question 41

Price of a bushel fell from $1.45 in 1866 to…

Answer 41

76 cents a bushel just three years later (1869)

Question 42

What was ‘Manifest Destiny’?

Answer 42

The belief held by Americans that God had chosen them to populate all land between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Question 43

Homestead act - when and what?

Answer 43

• 1862

- Gave farmers a small plot of free land provided they farm it for 5 years

Question 44

Reasons for westward expansion

Answer 44

• Overcrowding in eastern cities
• Lots of cheap fertile land available
• Gold Rush of 1872
• Didn’t want rival countries acquiring the territory

Question 45

Year of the Great Sioux war?

Answer 45

1876

Question 46

How did the Great Sioux war start?

Answer 46

• Settlers poured into NA territory due to gold rush
• US gov tried to keep them out of NA territory
• Then they tried to do a deal with NA, $6 million
• Then they demanded NA go to their reservations, any who didn’t would be regarded as hostile
• Eventually it was decided that the NA must be removed from the Black Hills

Question 47

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 47

• US would avoid international conflict unless their own interests were threatened
• American continent was not to be colonised by European powers

Question 48

Evidence for US isolationist in 1865 - 77

Answer 48

• Monroe Doctrine
• No overseas war until 1898
• Refused to colonise Dominican Republic when offered in 1869

Question 49

How was US expansionist in 1865 - 77

Answer 49

• Purchased Alaska for $7.2 million
• Attempted to annex the Dominican Republic in 1870
• Attempted to cede Canada into US

Question 50

When did US purchased Alaska from Russia

Answer 50

1867

Question 51

When did Britain agree to pay compensation for damage caused by Confederate ships during the Civil War?

Answer 51

1872

Question 52

What compensation did the US initially demand from Britain in 1865

Answer 52

$2 Million or the ceding of Canada to the US