1865 - 1877 - Reconstruction Flashcards
Economic differences between North and South USA before the Civil War
- North had nearly double the population of the south.
- North welcomed industrialisation whilst South retained traditional farming, so South was poorer than North.
Cultural differences between North and South USA before the Civil War
- South supported slavery and was very strongly Christian.
- North was better educated and more liberal / open minded.
Political differences betweenNorth and South USA before the Civil War
South wanted states to keep power, North wanted increase in powers of Federal government.
Slavery statistics - 1860 South USA
- 4 Million slaves.
- 1 in 4 southern families owned a slave.
How many states had banned slavery by 1858?
19 northern states
How many Americans died in the Civil War?
Over 600,000
Name the 3 Presidents of the reconstruction period
Abraham Lincoln
Andrew Johnson
Ulysses Grant
Date of the 10% Plan
April 1864
What was the 10% Plan?
Rebel states would be admitted to the Union if 10% of their electorate agreed to an oath of future allegiance to USA.
Names of the two radical republicans dissatisfied with the leniency of the 10% plan?
Henry Davis
Benjamin Wade
Date of the Wade-Davis bill
June 1865.
Example of the 10% plan working
State of Louisiana joined union. (In 1864)
When did the Civil War begin and end? (Only need years)
1861 - 1865
What was the Wade-Davis Bill?
- A less lenient replacement for Lincolns 10% plan.
- Required 50% of electorate to swear oath of allegiance.
- Was vetoed by Lincoln.
What / when was the 13th Amendment?
Formally freed all slaves in the US - January 1865.
Freedmans Bureau
- Started in March 1865 by Lincoln.
- Helped AA’s by establishing schools and advising on employment.
When did Andrew Johnson become President? (Following Lincolns assassination)
April 1865
Dates of Ulysses Grant’s Presidency
March 1869 - March 1877
What was President Johnson like?
- Seemed to share racial views of white southerners.
- Wanted fast reconstruction, he favoured leniency.
Civil Rights Bill 1866
- Strengthened powers of Freedmans Bureau.
- Johnson vetoed because he knew the bill would anger Southerners and delay reconstruction.
- Congress overturned the presidential veto, as it had 2/3 majority in both houses.
What / when was the 15th Amendment?
Ensured that all citizens of any race could vote - 1869.
How did Southern states prevent AA’s from voting despite the 15th Amendment?
- Literacy tests
- Grandfather Clause, by which only people whose father or grandfather was able to vote before 1867 were allowed to vote.
What was President Grant like?
In favour of firm treatment of the south during reconstruction.
How did the period of reconstruction end?
- Votes were contested during the close run presidential election of 1876-77 between Hayes and Tilden.
- A special commission allocated contested votes to Hayes in a secret deal between the Republican and Democrat parties.
- The Democrats would accept Hayes (Republican) as President so long as he withdrew troops from the south.
