1860s

Question 1

Pemberton Mill

Answer 1

A large factory in Massachusetts which collapsed in 1860, leading to 145 deaths and an outcry for reform.

Question 2

1860 Wiyot Massacre

Answer 2

Wiyot Indians were slaughtered for control of Indian Island in Eureka, California.

Question 3

Cynthia Ann Parker

Answer 3

A young girl kidnapped by a Comanche war band in 1836, she was eventually “rescued” by Texas Rangers and used as anti-Indian propaganda but couldn’t adjust to life in a white society and died in melancholia.

Question 4

Jefferson Davis

Answer 4

Ruled as President of the Confederate States of America during the entire Civil War (1861-1865). Regarded as a weak president, too focussed on detail, unpopular, and responsible for devaluing the Confederate dollar.

Question 5

Confederate States Constitution

Answer 5

The constitution of the Confederacy, it was very similar to the American constitution except that it emphasized states rights and slavery.

Question 6

What was the capital of the Confederated States of America?

Answer 6

Richmond, Virginia.

Question 7

Revenue Act of 1861

Answer 7

Created first U.S. income tax statute to pay for the Civil War.

Question 8

George B. McClellan

Answer 8

An unpopular Union general who was blamed for many of the North’s early failures in the Civil War, until he was asked by Lincoln to step down following Antietam.

Question 9

Gatling gun

Answer 9

A rapid-fire weapon invented and first used during the Civil War.

Question 10

The Battle Hymn of the Republic

Answer 10

Written by Julia Ward Howe in 1861, became a battle song for Union soldiers.

Question 11

Battle of Antietam

Answer 11

1862- Civil War battle in which the North succeeded in halting Lee’s Confederate forces in Maryland. Was the bloodiest day in American history with 25,000 casualties

Question 12

The Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 12

1862- Document written by Abraham Lincoln following the Battle of Antietam which freed the slaves in the states that were in rebellion. This added the reason why the war was fought from preserving the Union to freeing the slaves. Didn’t free slaves in border states which supported the Union.

Question 13

General Order No. 11 (1862)

Answer 13

An order signed by Gen. Grant which banned all Jews from joining the Union Army. It was very unpopular and was quickly revoked, Grant would spend much of his political career reconciling with the Jewish community.

Question 14

P. T. Barnum

Answer 14

United States showman who popularized the circus and traveling freak shows in the 1860s and 70s

Question 15

New York City draft riots

Answer 15

1863- Mobs of Irish working-class men and women roamed the streets for four days until federal troops suppressed them. They loathed the idea of being drafted to fight a war on behalf of slaves who, once freed, would compete with them for jobs. They targeted blacks and the wealthy, deadliest riots in American history, possibly. Such fierce racial violence that thousands of blacks migrated from Manhattan to Brooklyn.

Question 16

Enrollment Act

Answer 16

1863- Instituted a draft for the Northern army. Substitution Clause said if you can’t serve than you could pay $300 and find a substitute

Question 17

Quantrill’s Raiders

Answer 17

Active from 1861-1865, Pro-Confederate outlaws who used guerilla tactics slaughtering civilians in Lawrence during the Civil War.

Question 18

Lawrence Massacre

Answer 18

William Quantrill’s bloody border gang’s raid on Lawrence, Kansas that led to a massacre.

Question 19

Stonewall Jackson

Answer 19

Important Confederate military leader, his death in 1863 really wounded public morale.

Question 20

Battle of Gettysburg

Answer 20

1863- Turning point of the War that made it clear the North would win. 50,000 people died, and the South lost its chance to invade the North.

Question 21

Gettysburg Address

Answer 21

1863- A speech given by Abraham Lincoln after the Battle of Gettysburg, in which he praised the bravery of Union soldiers and renewed his commitment to winning the Civil War; supported the ideals of self-government and human rights.

Question 22

Long Walk of the Navajo

Answer 22

1864- Under Lincoln’s presidency, the Navajo were forced at gunpoint to trek miles a day from their reservation into the desert.

Question 23

Red River Campaign

Answer 23

A failed 1864 plan by the Union to capture Louisiana. Poorly organized and planned.

Question 24

Coinage Act of 1864

Answer 24

Put “In God We Trust” on all American currency.

Question 25

William Tecumseh Sherman

Answer 25

Union General who destroyed South during 1864 “march to the sea” from Atlanta to Savannah, example of total war.

Question 26

United States presidential election, 1864

Answer 26

Republican Lincoln won re-election this time as a “National Unioner,” over George McClellan who ran as a Democratic despite not agreeing at all with his party’s platform.

Question 27

Sherman’s March to the Sea

Answer 27

1864- General Sherman led some 60000 Union troops on a march south across Georgia; burned cities and destroyed everything in his path; killed civilians, destroyed crops. Sherman believed in total war.

Question 28

Sand Creek massacre

Answer 28

U.S. Army’s 1864 killing of about 150 Cheyenne elderly people, women and children at the Sand Creek Reservation in Colorado Territory.

Question 29

Mercer Girls

Answer 29

An 1860’s project by an American man named Asa Shinn Mercer to “import” women to the Pacific Northwest to balance the gender ratio.

Question 30

Wild Bill Hickok

Answer 30

An Old West folk character known for hunting outlaws.

Question 31

Henry Wirz

Answer 31

A Confederate officer hanged for the barbaric conditions in his POW camps.

Question 32

The 13th Amendment

Answer 32

Ratified in 1865- Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.

Question 33

Ku Klux Klan

Answer 33

A Southern organization formed in 1865 in opposition of Reconstruction and for the purpose of repressing freed slaves.

Question 34

Jesse James

Answer 34

A famous Wild West American outlaw who was known for popularizing the practice of robbing banks, assassinated by Robert Ford.

Question 35

Alaska Purchase

Answer 35

AKA Seward’s Folly, Alaska was purchased by Secretary of State William H. Seward from Russia in 1866. Reactions were mixed.

Question 36

Laura Ingalls Wilder

Answer 36

Author of “The Little House” books for children, about prairie family life.