1850-1865

Question 0

Why did William I appear to be a figurehead for Nationalism?

Answer 0

• appointed moderate liberals in gvmt to encourage economic growth.
• approved of Prussian led Kleindeutschland proposed by Frankfurt Assembly

Question 1

When did the Prussian New Era begin?

Answer 1

1858

Question 2

How many members did the Nationalverein have by 1862? What did this mean for the demographics?

Answer 2

25,000
Getting more popular in middle class demographic. Not expanding out of mc.

Question 3

Why was the Nationalverein established in 1859?

Answer 3

• Centenary of poet Schiller’s birth.
• Italian War
• Businessman Nationalists

Question 4

What ideas did the Nationalverein promote?

Answer 4

Kleindeutsch
Liberal and constitutional
Antiestablishment.

Transitional phase between Frankfurt Assembly and Nat Lib Party.

Question 5

How are 1859 and 1862 evidence of disunity?

Answer 5

1859 Nationalverein
1862 Reformverein- 1500 members, Grossdeutsch.
Shows that nationalism still divided over nature of political unity.

Question 6

Why did the Army Bill go to Parliament in 1862 and what does this suggest about the Prussian military?

Answer 6

Prussia attempted to mobilise army against France (memories of last Napoleon that conquered Prussia and imposed harsh Peace of Tilsit 1806).
mobilisation failed, shows lack of military strength of military in 1862.

Question 7

What did the Army Bill 1862 propose?

Answer 7

Increase size of Army from 40000 to 63000 and 53 new regiments.
Limit role of Landwehr (civilian army)
Bigger army under direct control of King.

Question 8

What was the significance of the Army Bill’s proposals in terms of Liberalism?

Answer 8

Step towards military dictatorship as it threatened fundamental liberal conception of a ‘civilianised army’. Williams liberal image shattered.

Question 9

When was the Progressive Party formed? And why?

Answer 9

1862

Oppose the army bill.

Question 10

Why was there a constitutional crisis in 1862 and what was the consequence of it?

Answer 10

Progressive Party largest majority. Legislature and executive refused to work together.
Consequence: Bismarck appointed as Minister President.

Question 11

When was the Austro-Prussian war against Denmark?

Answer 11

1864

Question 12

When was the Syllabus of Errors and why was it significant?

Answer 12

1864. Condemned every major political and social principle of German Liberalism. Pope was a Reichsfeinde.

Question 13

When and what was the Gastein Convention?

Answer 13

1865

Austria gained Holstein while Prussia gained Schleswig.

Question 14

What was the Alvenseben Convention 1863?

Answer 14

Prussian-Russian alliance to ensure no Russian intervention in an Austro-Prussian War.

Question 15

What were the Biarritz Conversations 1865?

Answer 15

Ensured no French intervention in an Austro-Prussian war by investigating Napoleons views on it.

Question 16

When did Cartelisation begin?

Answer 16

1865

Question 17

What were the stats comparing Cartels in 1865 to 1900?

Answer 17

1865: 4 Cartels
1900: 210!

Question 18

Why were Cartels important?

Answer 18

Industries were able to sell goods more cheaply, encouraging economy to boom.
(although it polarised the economy and encouraged the rise of socialism as smaller industries had limited access to market. Also led to further class divisions as it led to a small group of people that had a lot of political influence)