1780's-1815 Flashcards
What international event inspired Nationalism in 1789? And how did it inspire Nationalism?
The French Revolution
Liberal ideas injected into Central Europe. Nationalism inspired by Liberalism.
What evidence from the 1780’s shows that Nationalism was a cultural movement?
(Also evidence of regionalism)
Herder introduced ideas about the ‘Volksgeist’ and the uniqueness of each National group and each set of National Characteristics.
What in 1792 showed Prussian and Austrian cohesion?
Pillnitz Declaration.
Action against France if needed.
When did Austria and Prussia first declare war on France together?
1793
What in 1795 shows that Prussia wanted to dominate over the region (instead of Austria)?
The Peace of Basel
Prussia did not consult Austria before withdrawing from the war.
Due to Prussia’s betrayal of Austria in 1795, what was the consequence, in 1797, in terms of Austria’s war with France?
Peace of Campoformio
Austria faces a humiliating defeat.
In 1799, war broke out between France and the Second Coalition. Who were the countries involved in the Second Coalition? And who remained neutral?
Britain, Austria and Russia.
Prussia remained neutral, despite their alliance with Russia.
Which battle in 1805 resulted in the destruction of the Holy Roman Empire ? What was the significance of this in terms of Austro/Prussian dominance?
The Battle of Austerlitz, 1805. Between France and Austria.
Removal of political system after defeat of Austria shows that Austria was dominating the German Region and Prussia’s influence was minimal in comparison.
Which treaty in 1806 replaced the Holy Roman Empire with the Rhine Confederation? What impact did this have on the aims of German Nationalism?
The Treaty of Pressburg
Aims: shift from cultural unity to political (and cultural) unity with the expulsion of the French.
Which battles were fought in 1806 due to an attempt by Prussia to exploit France’s post-war phase?
Why were Prussia defeated?
Auerstedt and Jena
Prussia were defeated due to lack of economic and military strength.
What impact did the Peace of Tilsit 1807 have on Prussia?
Harsh treaty due to the foolish ultimatum (Auerstedt and Jena). Led to Prussian domestic reform, education and a future ambition for power.
What was the significance of Fichte’s “fight for freedom and identity against the cultural and military subjugation of France”?
Cultural Movement
Educated movement- Fichte was a lecturer
Reactionary, inspired by French invasion.
Anti-establishment- against the Rhine Confederation
In period 1789-1815, was Nationalism Gross or Kleindeutsch and why?
Grossdeutsch by default. Klein was not an option as Austria held dominance over region and there was no alternative.
When was Nelson’s Battle of Trafalgar?
1812
What was the significance of the Battle of Leipzig 1813, in terms of Nationalist unity and demographics?
Demographics- Lutzow Freikorps and Burschenshaft only.
Unity- greatest point of unity in early period. All of German region fighting against France.
