18.1 Carboxylic acids Flashcards

1
Q

Test

A
  • reacts with carbonates to form CO2 gas which will turn limewater milky
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2
Q

Production of carboxylic acids

A

1) Oxidation of primary alcohols and aldehydes (by either acidified K2Cr2O7 or KMnO4 and reflux)
2) Hydrolysis of nitriles (by either dilute acid or dilute alkali, followed by acidification)
3) Hydrolysis of esters (by either dilute acid or dilute alkali, followed by acidification)

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3
Q

Oxidation of primary alcohols and aldehydes (by either acidified K2Cr2O7 or KMnO4 and reflux)

A

1) Primary alcohol = aldehyde + carboxylic acid

2) Aldehyde = carboxylic acid

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4
Q

Hydrolysis of nitriles (by either dilute acid or dilute alkali, followed by acidification)

A

1) Nitrile + acid (usually HCI) + water = carboxylic acid + ammonium chloride salt

2) Nitrile + alkali (hydrolysed) + water= sodium carboxylate salt + ammonia

  • sodium carboxylate salt can be acidified to carboxylic acid
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5
Q

Hydrolysis of esters (by either dilute acid or dilute alkali, followed by acidification)

A

1) Ester + water (reversible rxn) = carboxylic acid + alcohol

2) Ester + alkali hydrolyzed (usually NaOH) + heat = sodium carboxylate salt + alcohol

*sodium carboxylate salt can be acidified to carboxylic acid

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6
Q

Dissociation of carboxylic acids

A
  • eqm lies to the left
  • they are weak acids that don’t fully dissociate in water + solution formed has a pH value of less than 7
  • drawing in notes
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7
Q

Reactions of carboxylic acids

A

1) Redox reactions with reactive metals
2) Neutralisation reactions with alkalis
3) Acid-base reactions with carbonates
4) Esterification with alcohols
5) Reduction by LiAIH4

*reactions in notes

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8
Q

Redox reactions with reactive metals

A

carboxylic acid + M = salt + hydrogen gas

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9
Q

Neutralisation reactions with alkalis

A

carboxylic acid + NaOH = salt + water

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10
Q

Acid-base reactions with carbonates

A

carboxylic acid + carbonate = salt + water + CO2 gas

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11
Q

Esterification with alcohols (H2SO4 as a catalyst)

A

alcohol + carboxylic acid = ester + H2O

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12
Q

Reduction by LiAIH4

A

Carboxylic acid + [H] = primary alcohol + H2O

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