18.1

Question 1

During the years of the Articles of Confederation were in force, were there national courts?

Answer 1

No

Question 2

How were disputes settled?

Answer 2

Disputes between States and persons who lived in different states were decided by the courts of one of the states involved

Question 3

How many court systems are there in the United States?

Answer 3

Two

Question 4

What are the court systems in the united states?

Answer 4

1. National judiciary spans the country with more than 100 courts. Each of the 50 states has its own system of courts

Question 5

What are the two kinds of federal courts?

Answer 5

The constitution establishes the Supreme Court and leaves Congress to establish the inferior courts

Question 6

What are the inferior courts?

Answer 6

Lower federal courts, those beneath the Supreme Court.

Question 7

Congress has created two distinct types of courts. What are they?

Answer 7

1. The constitutional courts
2. The special courts

Question 8

What are constitutional courts?

Answer 8

Those federal courts that Congress has formed under Article III to exercise the judicial power of the US

Question 9

What courts are included in the Constitutional courts?

Answer 9

US Court of International Trade, district courts, courts of appeals

Question 10

What are the special courts?

Answer 10

They have been created by congress to hear cases arising out of some of th eexpressed powers given to congress in Article I section 8.

Question 11

What do the special courts include?

Answer 11

The US Court of appeals for the Armed Forces, the US court of appeals for veterens claims, the US court of federal claims, and the US Tax courts. They are often called legislative courts

Question 12

What type of courts hear most of the cases tried in the federal courts?

Answer 12

Constitutional courts

Question 13

What is jurisdiction?

Answer 13

It is defined as the authority of a court to hear (to try and to decide) a case

Question 14

What does Article III Section II say about when a federal court may hear a cases?

Answer 14

because of

1. The subject matter
2. Parties involved

Question 15

Subject Matter

Answer 15

Many federal courts may hear a case if it involves a federal question (interpretation of the Constitution, or a provision of any federal statue or treaty) This includes Admirality law (relates to matters that arise on the high seas) and Maritime law (relates to matters that arise on land but are directly related to the water)

Question 16

Parties

Answer 16

A case falls within the jurisdiction of the federal court if one of the parities involved in the case is:

1. The UNited States or one of its officers or agencies
2. An Ambassador, consul, or other official representative of a foreign government
3. One of the 50 States suing another state, a resident of another state or a foreign government or one of its subjects
4. A citizen of one state suing another state
5. An American citizen suing a foreign government or one of its subjects
6. A citizen of a State suing another citizen of that smae States where both claim title to land under grants from different states

Question 17

What ideal is the matter of parties reflective of?

Answer 17

Federalism, because of the dual system of courts in the country.

Question 18

What is exclusive jurisdiction

Answer 18

They can be tried only in the federal courts.

Question 19

A case involving an act of Congress, infringement of a patent or copyright falls into what jurisdiction

Answer 19

exclusive

Question 20

What is Concurrent Jurisdiction>

Answer 20

Meaning the states and the feds share the power to hear cases.

Question 21

What falls under concurrent jurisdiction>

Answer 21

Disputes involving citizens of different states

Question 22

A federal district court may hear a case of diverse citizenship only when what happens?

Answer 22

The amount of money involved in that case is at least 75,000

Question 23

What is the plaintiff

Answer 23

The person who files the suit, may bring the case in the proper state or federal court

Question 24

What is the defendant?

Answer 24

The person against whom the complaint is made

Question 25

What can the defendent do?

Answer 25

Have the trial moved under certain circumstances to the federal district court

Question 26

What is original jurisdiction?

Answer 26

The court in which a case is first heard has original jurisdiction

Question 27

Appellete Jurisdiction

Answer 27

Hears a case on appeal from alower court

Question 28

Do appelate courts retry cases?

Answer 28

No, they determine whether a trial court has acted in accord with applicable law