1800s Disease and Infection Flashcards
What did Edward Jenner discover?
Discovered vaccinations by investigating with smallpox.
In 1796 he took a small boy and injected him with pus from the sores of a milk maid with cowpox. Jenner then injected James with smallpox. James didn’t get the disease.
What were the positive impacts of Jenner’s discoveries
Smallpox was eradicated after it was compulsory to have the vaccination
Jenner enabled other scientists to develop more vaccinations and improve general public heath
What were the limitations of Jenner’s discoveries
Many people opposed vaccinations as they were worried about side effects; they worried about giving themselves a disease from cows.
Jenner did not know that germs caused. disease so could not explain the science behind his discovery.
Government did not make it compulsory until late as they did not want to interfere with the public’s health.
Some members of the church believed that vaccination was not natural.
What factors helped Jenners discoveries
Inquiring attitude to discovery why maids did not get smallpox
Government enforced vaccinations
IG Jenner made the connections and researched and investigated
What was spontaneous generation theory
That disease was caused by decaying matter that generated living organisms from it
How did Pasteur disprove spontaneous generation theory
By showing that decay bacteria came from the air and not from within matter eg rotting meat
What were the positive impacts of Pasteur’s dicovieries
Treatments could now be made to stop the spread of disease as the causes were now known
Created more vaccinations including Cholera and Rabies
What factors helped Pasteur’s discovery
S & T the microscope allowed him to study bacteria
Inquiring Attitude as to what causes disease
What were the limitations to Pasteur’s discoviersies
Could not explain genetic disorders
Many people did not believe him
What was the impact of Robert Koch
Discovered how to dye bacteria to make it easy to discover bacteria and to photograph
Discovered more bacteria for diseases like Anthrax and TB
How did Koch help Pasteur’s discoveries
Their competition brought Pasteur out of retirement and lead to the discovery of more bacteria
What was the opposition to Jenners vaccinations
Put innocualtors out of bussiness
People thought that if they were vaccinated with cow pox then they would take on characteristics of a cow
Who was Lady Mary Wortley Montagu and what did she do?
- She brought inoculation to Britain.
- She discovered that a healthy person could be immunised against smallpox using pus from the sores of a sufferer with a mild form of the disease.
What was a limitation of the inoculation brought about by Lady Mary Wortley Montagu?
-Inoculation sometimes led to smallpox and death, they were not 100% effective and sometimes were very dangerous as they caused disease sometimes and in some cases death.
How did the chicken cholera vaccination come about?
- Chance.
- Charles Chamberlain was in Louis Pasteur’s team for the investigation into the chicken cholera vaccination.
- Chamberlain was told to inject chickens with chicken cholera, but it was the day before his holiday and he forgot. He left the germs on his desk and injected the chickens when he returned from his holiday.
- The chickens survived, Pasteur and Chamberlain tried again with new germs, but the chickens survived.
- The cholera had been weakened by being left out, and the weakened cholera made the chickens immune. Chamberlain’s error had produced a chance discovery.
