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AS- Level WJEC CS SAQ > 1.8 The Operating System > Flashcards

1.8 The Operating System Flashcards

1
Q

State 4 things an Operating System does.

A
  1. Manage Resources
  2. Utility Software
  3. Modes of operation
  4. Provide Interface
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2
Q

State 5 examples of an operating system.

A
  1. MacOS
  2. Android
  3. Windows
  4. IOS
  5. Linux
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3
Q

State 4 main resources managed by an OS.

A
  1. Processor
  2. Memory
  3. Backing Store
  4. Peripherals
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4
Q

What does an OS do with processes?

A

Allocates processor time to simultaneous processes.

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5
Q

What does an OS do with memory? (2)

A
  1. Loads instructions and data into RAM when
    needed by a program.
  2. Ensures processes only use memory allocated to them.
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6
Q

Define backing store (2).

A
  1. A device for secondary storage of data.
  2. Usually slower to access but greater capacity than the primary store.
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7
Q

What does an OS do with backing store? (2)

A
  1. Allocates physical disk space as files are added, edited or deleted.
  2. Provides hierarchical, searchable structure users can interact with.
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8
Q

What does an OS do with peripherals? (2)

A
  1. Maintains device drivers
  2. Allows communication between device and computer.
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9
Q

What does an OS do with spooling?

A

Data is stored on hard disc/ in memory/ stored in a queue.

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10
Q

What does an OS do with file compression? (2)

A
  1. Makes files smaller
  2. Saves disk space
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11
Q

How does an OS manage security? (2)

A
  1. Allows the creation and deletion of user accounts.
  2. Allows users to log on and change passwords.
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12
Q

What are file attributes?

A

Settings that are associated with computer files that grant or deny certain rights to how a user or the operating system can access that file.

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13
Q

Give an example of what OS does with peripherals.

A

E.g. Receives or sends data from a keyboard/ mouse/ printer.

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14
Q

Give an example of what OS does with spooling.

A

E.g. Document is printed when printer is free/ in correct order.

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15
Q

State 4 different file attributes.

A
  1. Archive
  2. Read-only
  3. System
  4. Hidden
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16
Q

What are archive files?

A

Files that are often not used.

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17
Q

What are read-only files?

A

Files that a user cannot alter.

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18
Q

What are system files?

A

Files only used by the operating system.

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19
Q

What are hidden files?

A

Files that do not appear by default if not asked for.

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20
Q

State 3 modes of operation of an OS.

A
  1. Batch processing
  2. Real- time transaction
  3. Real- time control
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21
Q

What is batch processing?

A

When a system performs a series of similar tasks with minimal human involvement.

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22
Q

Give an example of batch processing.

A

E.g. Calculating, printing pay slips

23
Q

State 3 advantages of batch processing.

A

1.
Repeated jobs are done quickly without user interaction

2.
Jobs can wait in a queue until they are processed.

3.
Can work at night when computer is lightly loaded

24
Q

What is real-time transaction?

A

As data is collected it is processed, stored and immediately available to access.

25
Q

Give an example of real-time transaction.

A

Eg. Airline ticket booking systems prevent the same seat being sold twice.

26
Q

What is real-time control?

A

A system that collects and processes data quickly and acts on the data within a defined time period.

27
Q

Give 2 examples of real-time control.

A
  1. Ex. An autopilot would monitor sensors and fly the plane.
  2. Ex industrial control systems in manufacturing plants.
28
Q

State 6 types of utility software.

A
  1. Antivirus
  2. Compression
  3. Debuggers
  4. Screensavers
  5. System monitors
  6. Defragmentation
29
Q

What is an antivirus?

A

Checks computer for malware and provides removal.

30
Q

What is a compression?

A

Reduces file size for efficient storage/ quick transmission.

31
Q

What is a debugger?

A

Identify and help to resolve problems in software.

32
Q

What is a screensaver?

A

Prevent screen burn and save power.

33
Q

What are system monitors?

A

See memory and processor usage & network speeds.

34
Q

What is defragmentation?

A

Joins split files on a disk to improve access speed.

35
Q

What is a user interface?

A

Interface between the user and a computer

36
Q

State 2 types of user interface.

A
  1. Graphical user interface (GUI)
  2. Command line
37
Q

Define GUI (2).

A
  1. High Level, little training required, less experienced knowledge.
  2. Comprises of WIMP
38
Q

What does WIMP stand for?

A

Windows/ Icons/ Menus/ Pointers

39
Q

Windows

A

Runs separate, independent programs.

40
Q

Icons

A

Pictures that represent files or programs.

41
Q

Menus

A

Pop- up and drop down ways of displaying data.

42
Q

Pointer

A

Controlled by a mouse, used to click and drag.

43
Q

State 3 advantages of a GUI.

A
  1. Intuitive to use, especially for novice users.
  2. No need to memorize complex commands, due to icons.
  3. Promotes multitasking, as many windows can be opened at once.
44
Q

State 2 disadvantages of a GUI.

A
  1. High hardware requirements Eg. disk, memory & graphics.
  2. Experienced users can find it frustrating and slow
45
Q

What is command line?

A

Instructions are typed in via keyboard

46
Q

State 3 advantages of a command line.

A
  1. Low level, Direct control, Experienced knowledge.
  2. Minimal hardware required
  3. Commands can be entered by experienced users very quickly.
47
Q

State a disadvantage of a command line.

A

Less experienced users may not know the commands.

48
Q

State 3 facilities of an interface for people with a disability.

A
  1. Zoom facilities for people with bad eyesight
  2. Auditory cues for blind people
  3. Alternative means of input for those unable to type.
49
Q

List 4 features of the user interface provided by the operating system (1).

A
  1. Provides user interface with meaningful icons/ avoid text input.
  2. Provide a command line interface.
  3. Allow access to system settings such as hardware.
  4. Allow copying, deleting, moving, sorting, searching of files or folders.
50
Q

List 4 features of the user interface provided by the operating system (2).

A
  1. Allow creation of short- cuts.
  2. Controls security using passwords or access permissions.
  3. Allows users to have multiple windows.
  4. Provides user with error/warning/help messages
51
Q

State 3 uses for touch screen on a mobile phone (1).

A
  1. Provide one method for data input and output.
  2. Intuitive and easy to use.
  3. Whole screen is used for output.
52
Q

State 3 uses for touch screen on a mobile phone (2).

A
  1. Ability to zoom in by clicking or pinch and stretch.
  2. Can play interactive games.
  3. Less moving parts so less chance of mechanical error
53
Q

What are the problems of voice
recognition? (4)

A
  1. Time consuming to train system to recognize the users voice
  2. Confusion if two words with the same sound but different meanings.
  3. Confusion with local dialects
  4. Confusion with with background noise

AS- Level WJEC CS SAQ (14 decks)

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