1.14 Different Types of Software Systems Flashcards
What are the three types of
software?
1.
Open Source
2.
Bespoke
3.
Off- The- Shelf
Give 2 advantages for open source.
1.
Usually Free
- You can customize code to your own needs
What is open source software? (2)
1.
Software that can be modified by users.
2.
The software is shared for free.
Give 2 disadvantages for open source.
1.
No right to support if any bugs exist.
2.
More powerful features of paid- for software may not be available.
What is bespoke software?
Software that has been written to order for a specific client.
Give 2 advantages for bespoke software.
1.
Customized to the user’s exact needs.
2.
May provide a unique competitive edge
Give 2 disadvantages for bespoke software.
1.
Can be very expensive.
2.
You must wait for design and development of software.
What is Off-the-shelf software?
General- purpose software purchased from a retailer.
Give 3 advantages for Off-the-shelf software.
1.
Cheap, but not a cheap as open source
2.
Readily available on demand.
3.
Lots of support is available online
Give 2 disadvantages for Off-the-shelf software.
1.
May not solve the problem exactly as you want it solved.
2.
Users tend to pay for large number of features that they may not use.
What is a weather forecasting system?
Software that predicts the state of the atmosphere at a given location.
What are the inputs of weather forecasting software? (2)
1.
Sensors positioned throughout the world.
2.
Temperature, Pressure, Wind/direction, moisture sensors
What are the processes in weather forecasting? (2)
- Complex calculations that require
immense CPU and RAM specifications.
2.
Uses geographic models and previous weather history
What are the outputs of weather forecasting?
Localized positions of temperature, wind precipitation etc.
Give a problem for predictive window sis.
Accuracy reduces as the prediction window sis made longer.
What is computer- aided design?
Use of computers for producing new product designs.
What are the inputs devices for CAD?
A mouse/ touchscreen- based input.
What can users do with CAD?
Users can specify the position and dimensions of parts, textures, materials.
What are the processes of CAD? (5)
1.
Calculate the cost of making components.
2.
Modelling physics
3.
Rotating a design to be viewed from different angles.
4.
Walk- throughs
5.
CAD requires high spec processors and graphics cards
What are the outputs of CAD? (3)
1.
Images of design from multiple angles
2.
Animations of walk- throughs
3.
Tabulated costs and lists of materials
What are the inputs of robotics?
Many position sensors.
What are robotics? (2)
1.
Machines that be used to do jobs.
- Some machines need human help and others can work on their own.
Give an example of the processes of robotics?
E.g. Car production line might use a weight sensor to determine that the car is in correct position.
What are the output devices of robotics?
Robots can be programmed to do move using servos (motors).
What are computer generated imagery (CGI) and animation?
Creating graphics (images) and moving pictures using computers.
What are the inputs of CGI and animation?
1.Photographs
2.bitmaps
3.vector graphics
4.3D image
constructed from meshed of polygons.
What are the processes in CGI and animation? (3)
1.
Processes to render layer, and apply visual effects to images.
2.
Animations require either frame-by-frame animation or tweening.
3.
High spec processors and Ram needed, as well as a powerful CPU.
What are the typical file formats for CGI and animation?
- Variety of images
- Variety of movies
Give 3 examples of image files.
- ICO
- JPEG
- JPG
Give 3 examples of movie files.
- MP4
- MOV
- WMV
What are expert systems?
A knowledge- based system that attempts to replace a human ‘expert’.
Give an application of expert systems.
An application of artificial intelligence (AI).
How do expert systems work?
It will ask questions on in a subject area and attempts to form a conclusion on based on the answers provided.
Give 2 ways expert systems help doctors.
- A doctor inputs the patients symptoms.
2.
Used to help the doctor make decisions.
Give 2 other uses of expert systems.
1.
A medical diagnosis expert system (eg MYCIN).
2.
A database is searched to give suggestions on the disease and its treatments.
Give 5 advantages for expert system.
- Stores more information than humans
2.
Does not forget or make mistakes
3.
Data can be kept up-to-date
4.
Is available 24/7 and will never retire
5.
Can be used at a distance over a network
Give 3 disadvantages for expert systems.
- Loss of jobs. Can cause experts to be out of a job
- Can cause people to become lazy
3.
Lack of a ‘human touch’
What are 3 parts of an expert system consist of?
- Knowledge base
- Inference engine
- User interface
What is the knowledge base? (3)
1.
A detailed database written in a declarative rule- based language.
2.
Allows the expert system to come to a firm conclusion
3.
Attempts to mimic the nature of a human expert’s knowledge
What is the inference engine?
A set of rules which determines what questions the user will be asked next, based on previous answers and a search of the knowledge base.
