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AS- Level WJEC CS SAQ > 1.14 Different Types of Software Systems > Flashcards

1.14 Different Types of Software Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of
software?

A

1.
Open Source

2.
Bespoke

3.
Off- The- Shelf

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2
Q

Give 2 advantages for open source.

A

1.
Usually Free

  1. You can customize code to your own needs
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3
Q

What is open source software? (2)

A

1.
Software that can be modified by users.

2.
The software is shared for free.

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4
Q

Give 2 disadvantages for open source.

A

1.
No right to support if any bugs exist.

2.
More powerful features of paid- for software may not be available.

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5
Q

What is bespoke software?

A

Software that has been written to order for a specific client.

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6
Q

Give 2 advantages for bespoke software.

A

1.
Customized to the user’s exact needs.

2.
May provide a unique competitive edge

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7
Q

Give 2 disadvantages for bespoke software.

A

1.
Can be very expensive.

2.
You must wait for design and development of software.

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8
Q

What is Off-the-shelf software?

A

General- purpose software purchased from a retailer.

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9
Q

Give 3 advantages for Off-the-shelf software.

A

1.
Cheap, but not a cheap as open source

2.
Readily available on demand.

3.
Lots of support is available online

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10
Q

Give 2 disadvantages for Off-the-shelf software.

A

1.
May not solve the problem exactly as you want it solved.

2.
Users tend to pay for large number of features that they may not use.

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11
Q

What is a weather forecasting system?

A

Software that predicts the state of the atmosphere at a given location.

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12
Q

What are the inputs of weather forecasting software? (2)

A

1.
Sensors positioned throughout the world.

2.
Temperature, Pressure, Wind/direction, moisture sensors

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13
Q

What are the processes in weather forecasting? (2)

A
  1. Complex calculations that require
    immense CPU and RAM specifications.

2.
Uses geographic models and previous weather history

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14
Q

What are the outputs of weather forecasting?

A

Localized positions of temperature, wind precipitation etc.

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15
Q

Give a problem for predictive window sis.

A

Accuracy reduces as the prediction window sis made longer.

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16
Q

What is computer- aided design?

A

Use of computers for producing new product designs.

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17
Q

What are the inputs devices for CAD?

A

A mouse/ touchscreen- based input.

18
Q

What can users do with CAD?

A

Users can specify the position and dimensions of parts, textures, materials.

19
Q

What are the processes of CAD? (5)

A

1.
Calculate the cost of making components.

2.
Modelling physics

3.
Rotating a design to be viewed from different angles.

4.
Walk- throughs

5.
CAD requires high spec processors and graphics cards

20
Q

What are the outputs of CAD? (3)

A

1.
Images of design from multiple angles

2.
Animations of walk- throughs

3.
Tabulated costs and lists of materials

21
Q

What are the inputs of robotics?

A

Many position sensors.

21
Q

What are robotics? (2)

A

1.
Machines that be used to do jobs.

  1. Some machines need human help and others can work on their own.
22
Q

Give an example of the processes of robotics?

A

E.g. Car production line might use a weight sensor to determine that the car is in correct position.

22
Q

What are the output devices of robotics?

A

Robots can be programmed to do move using servos (motors).

23
Q

What are computer generated imagery (CGI) and animation?

A

Creating graphics (images) and moving pictures using computers.

24
Q

What are the inputs of CGI and animation?

A

1.Photographs
2.bitmaps
3.vector graphics
4.3D image

constructed from meshed of polygons.

25
Q

What are the processes in CGI and animation? (3)

A

1.
Processes to render layer, and apply visual effects to images.

2.
Animations require either frame-by-frame animation or tweening.

3.
High spec processors and Ram needed, as well as a powerful CPU.

26
Q

What are the typical file formats for CGI and animation?

A
  1. Variety of images
  2. Variety of movies
27
Q

Give 3 examples of image files.

A
  1. ICO
  2. JPEG
  3. JPG
28
Q

Give 3 examples of movie files.

A
  1. MP4
  2. MOV
  3. WMV
28
Q

What are expert systems?

A

A knowledge- based system that attempts to replace a human ‘expert’.

29
Q

Give an application of expert systems.

A

An application of artificial intelligence (AI).

30
Q

How do expert systems work?

A

It will ask questions on in a subject area and attempts to form a conclusion on based on the answers provided.

31
Q

Give 2 ways expert systems help doctors.

A
  1. A doctor inputs the patients symptoms.

2.
Used to help the doctor make decisions.

32
Q

Give 2 other uses of expert systems.

A

1.
A medical diagnosis expert system (eg MYCIN).

2.
A database is searched to give suggestions on the disease and its treatments.

33
Q

Give 5 advantages for expert system.

A
  1. Stores more information than humans

2.
Does not forget or make mistakes

3.
Data can be kept up-to-date

4.
Is available 24/7 and will never retire

5.
Can be used at a distance over a network

34
Q

Give 3 disadvantages for expert systems.

A
  1. Loss of jobs. Can cause experts to be out of a job
  2. Can cause people to become lazy

3.
Lack of a ‘human touch’

35
Q

What are 3 parts of an expert system consist of?

A
  1. Knowledge base
  2. Inference engine
  3. User interface
36
Q

What is the knowledge base? (3)

A

1.
A detailed database written in a declarative rule- based language.

2.
Allows the expert system to come to a firm conclusion

3.
Attempts to mimic the nature of a human expert’s knowledge

37
Q

What is the inference engine?

A

A set of rules which determines what questions the user will be asked next, based on previous answers and a search of the knowledge base.

AS- Level WJEC CS SAQ (14 decks)

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