1.8 Genomics Flashcards
In genomic sequencing, the sequence of nucleotide bases can be determined for?
Individual genes and entire genomes.
What are sequences of bases and amino acids known as?
Sequence data.
What are the special enzymes used to work out the order of DNA nucleotide bases called?
Restriction endonuclease.
Computer can be used to identify what in genomic sequencing and how?
Can be used to identify base sequences by looking for sequences similar to known genes.
What is required to compare sequence data?
Computer and statistical analyses (bioinformatics).
What is bioinformatics?
The use of both computer and statistical analysis to compare sequence data.
What is conservation?
Genomes from different species share stretches of the same or similar DNA sequences.
What does degree of conservation tell us?
How closely species are related by evolution.
True or false? Comparison of genomes reveals that many genes are highly conserved across different organisms.
True.
What is a model organism?
A species that has been widely studied, usually because it is easy to maintain and breed in a laboratory setting and has a particular experimental advantages.
What is phylogenetics?
The study of evolutionary history and relationships.
What is the main sequence of events in evolution?
Cells -> LUCA -> prokaryotes-> photosynthetic organisms -> eukaryotes -> multicellular organisms -> animals -> vertebrates -> land plants
What are the three domains of life?
Bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes.
What is divergence, in genomic sequencing?
Occurs when two or more species arise from a common ancestor.
How closely related are two species if there is a greater number of differences between their two genomes?
Quite distantly since more mutations have occurred, over a long period of time.
