1.8- energy systems in muscle cells

Question 1

what is lactate metabolism?

Answer 1

when muscle cells do not get sufficient oxygen to support the electron transport chain during vigorous exercise

Question 2

7 steps in lactate metabolism

Answer 2

hydrogen is picked up by NAD during the conversion of glucose to pyruvate in glycolysis

hydrogen ions are released to provide the hydrogen required to make lactate

NAD is regenerated to maintain ATP production during glycolysis

lactate builds up in the muscles and causes mucle fatigue

oxygen debt builds up as there is not enough oxygen for respiration

oxygen is breathed in again and oxygen debt is repaid when exercise stops

lactate converted back to pyruvate+glucose in the liver and aerobic respiration resumes

Question 3

2 types of skeletal muscle fibres

Answer 3

slow twitch muscle fibres

fast twitch muscle fibres

Question 4

slow twitch muscle fibres contraction speed and duration

Answer 4

contract relatively slowly

sustain contractions for longer

Question 5

what do slow twitch muscle fibres rely on?

Answer 5

aerobic respiration to generate ATP

Question 6

3 things slow twitch muscle fibres contain

Answer 6

many mitochondria

large blood supply

high concentration of oxygen storing protein myoglobin

Question 7

what is the major storage fuel of slow twitch muscle fibres?

Answer 7

fats

Question 8

when are slow twitch muscle fibres effective?

Answer 8

rowing

cycling

long distance running

Question 9

fast twitch muscle fibres contaction speed and duration

Answer 9

contract relatively quickly

short contraction periods

Question 10

what do fast twitch muscle fibres rely on?

Answer 10

glycolysis to generate ATP

Question 11

2 things fast twitch muscle fibres contain?

Answer 11

fewer mitochondria

lower blood supply

Question 12

what is the major storage fuel of fast twitch muscle fibres?

Answer 12

glycogen

Question 13

when are fast twitch muscle fibres effective?

Answer 13

sprinting

weightlifting