18. Disease Ecology

Question 1

Disease

Answer 1

an atypical condition of a living organism that causes some physical impairment

Question 2

Direct transmission

Answer 2

direct physical transfer of infectious agent, touching, droplets, etc

Question 3

Indirect transmission

Answer 3

indirect transfer of infectious agent, air, fomites, animal vectors

Question 4

Horizontal transmission

Answer 4

Transmission within the same generation

Question 5

Vertical transmission

Answer 5

Transmission from mother to offspring before or during birth

Question 6

Endemic

Answer 6

constant presence, low spread

Question 7

Epidemic

Answer 7

sudden increase in certain regions

Question 8

Pandemic

Answer 8

global epidemic

Question 9

disease fitness equation

Answer 9

R0 = βN/ (v + d + r)

R0= basic reproduction number (average number of individuals that will be infected in a naive population, replaced by Re (Rt) once it has begun to spread)
β= transmission rate
N= number of available hosts
v= virulence (disease induced death of host)
d= mortality (natural death of host)
r= recovered hosts

Question 10

What does R0 reveal

Answer 10

how easily a disease spreads and how difficult it is to contain, not how virulent it is

Question 11

Compartment model

Answer 11

a model of disease with different subpopulations of organisms, organisms move to different subpopulations when they are infected, recovered, die, etc