14. What is a Population

Question 1

Population

Answer 1

Individuals of the same species that co-occur in space and time

Question 2

Density

Answer 2

Number of individuals per unit area

Question 3

Distribution

Answer 3

size, shape, and location of area occupied

Question 4

Other demographic characteristics

Answer 4

age distribution, sex ratios, birth/death rates, immigration/emmigration, rate of growth

Question 5

Absolute density

Answer 5

number of individuals of a populationo per unit area

Question 6

ecological density

Answer 6

the number of individials per unit area of SUITABLE HABITAT

Question 7

Dispersal

Answer 7

PERMANENT movement of individuals (propagules) usually from one population to another

Question 8

Dispersal

Answer 8

PERMANENT movement of individuals (propagules) usually from one population to another

Question 9

migration

Answer 9

seasonal movement of individuals from one location to another

Question 10

6 dispersal methods for seeds

Answer 10

Gravity- large seed size, short dispersal distance
Ballistic- explosive dispersal over short distances
Wind- seeds with appendages, short-long distances
Water- seeds that float, short-long distance
Animals- ingestion/defacation or hooks, short-long distance
Humans- breeding and transportation, short-long distance

Question 11

Immigration

Answer 11

movement into an area

Question 12

emmigration

Answer 12

movement out of an area

Question 13

Functional response

Answer 13

increase/decrease in feeding rate

Question 14

numerical response

Answer 14

change in density of predator populations in response to prey densities

Question 15

Reproduction numerical response

Answer 15

time lag between prey population and peak predator population, not synchronized

lag time is needed for predators to produce offspring

Question 16

Dispersal numerical response

Answer 16

no time lag between peak prey and predator populations, synchronized

No lag time because species are highly mobile and can track prey across a landscape

Question 17

distribution

Answer 17

the geographic distribution of a species as limited by the physical environment and species niche requirements

Question 18

3 types of small scale distribution

Answer 18

Random: equal chance of living anywhere
Regular/even: uniformly spaced
Clumped: higherp probability to live in some areas versus others

Question 19

Neutral interactions

Answer 19

Random distribution

random disturbances, uniform distribution of resources

Question 20

Antagonistic interactions

Answer 20

Regular distribution

uniform distribution of resources, depetion of resourses

Question 21

Positive interactions

Answer 21

Clumped distribution

patchy resources, dispersal limitation

Question 22

Large scale distribution

Answer 22

Area with substatial environmental change, individuals are often clumped

Question 23

Why arent all species everywhere?

Answer 23

All organisms have limited energy and resources

It takes extra energy to survive and reproduce in regions at the edge of their niche, so they usually dont bother trying to survive extreme conditions

Question 24

Eastern grey kangaroo niche

Answer 24

tropical forests

Question 25

Western grey kangaroo niche

Answer 25

temperate woodland and shrubland

Question 26

Red kangaroo

Answer 26

savanna and desert species (adapted to hot, dry, arid conditions

Question 27

Africanized honeybee

Answer 27

Hybrid species
Aggressive compared to farm bees
efficient foragers
can create large cononies due to excess food
form massive swarms

Question 28

Why arent africanized honeybees in Canada

Answer 28

its too cold, unless global warming

Question 29

DIspersal lag

Answer 29

When a species can expand to newly suitable ranges but have not had time to yet

Question 30

Metapopulation

Answer 30

a group of subpopulations living in patches connected by an exchange of individuals

only exist when individuals disperse from one population to another, otherwise it is not considered a metapopulation