1.8

Question 1

Predictions

Answer 1

Knowing actually time and location

Question 2

Forecast

Answer 2

Statistical likelihood

Question 3

2 ways a volcano is monitored

Answer 3

Collect gas samples e.g. Sulphur dioxide. During eruptions, emission rates typically increased to 5 to 10 times their normal value.

Measure thermal temperatures of volcanic rock and identify when magma is rising close to surface

Question 4

How are tsunamis monitored

Answer 4

DART

Deep Ocean Assessment and Reporting Tech (DART)

Question 5

How does DART work

Answer 5

Recorder on seabed monitors changes in pressure - can detect tsunamis as small as 1cm

Data relayed to satellite

Satellite transmits data to ground stations

Question 6

Ways to monitor earthquake

Answer 6

• Research speed of underground magma movement better
• both the radon emissions and water level changes can occur before. Radon is a colourless, odourless radioactive gas formed by the radioactive decay of the small amounts of uranium that occur naturally in all rocks and soils

Question 7

What is hazard management

Answer 7

Process which gov and other organisations work together to protect people from natural hazards that threaten their communities

Question 8

Aim of hazard management cycle

Answer 8

Avoid or reduce loss of life and property - increase recovery

Question 9

Hazard management cycle stages

Answer 9

Mitigation

Preparedness

Response

Recovery

Question 10

The Park Model (Hazard-response curve)

Answer 10

Shows how country/region might respond after a hazard event

Question 11

The Park Model (Hazard-response curve) stages

Answer 11

Stage 1
Before event

Stage 2
Hazardous event

Stage 3
Search, rescue and care

Stage 4
Relief and rehabilitation period

Stage 5
Nature of recovery related to:
-need to reduce vulnerability
-need to restore normality as soon as possible