1.8 Flashcards
Genomic sequencing is
Determining the order of nucleotide bases for individual genes or an entire genome
Bioinformatics are
Computer programmes (computer and statistical analyses) can be used to identify base sequences by looking for known genes
Comparing genomes from different species shows
Many genes are highly conserved across different organisms
Many genes being highly conserved across different organisms means
Many organisms have genes that are the same
Differences in sequence date has provided evidence for
The three domains of life
The three domains of life are
- Bacteria
- Eukaryotes
- Archaea
Genomes that have been sequenced are
-Disease causing organisms
- Pest species
- Species that are important model organisms for research
Phylogenetics is
The study of evolutionary relationships
Sequence data is used to
Study the evolutionary relatedness among groups of organisms
Main evolutionary events (9)
-Cells
- Last universal ancestor
- Prokaryote
- Photosynthetic organisms
- Eukaryote
- Multicellular organisms
- Animals
- Vertebrates
- Land plants
Sequence divergence is
The differences in sequence data
Molecular clocks are
Sequence divergence is used to estimate time since lineage diverged during evolution
Molecular clocks assume
Mutations occur at a constant rate
Molecular clocks work by
looking at differences in DNA ir amino acids
Differences in sequence data between species indicate
The time of divergence (new species formed) from a common ancestor
An individuals genome can be analysed to
Predict the likely hood of developing certain diseases
Pharmacogenetics is
The use of genome information in the choice of drugs
Personalised medicine is
An individuals personal genome sequence can be used to select the most effective drugs and dosage to treat their disease
