1.7

Question 1

Evolution is

Answer 1

The changes in organisms over generations as a result of variations in the genome

Question 2

Natural selection is

Answer 2

The non random increase in frequency of DNA sequences that increase survival and the non random decrease in frequency of deleterious sequences

Question 3

Natural selection is more rapid in

Answer 3

Prokaryotes

Question 4

Prokaryotes transfer genetic information

Answer 4

Horizontally

Question 5

Transferring genetic information horizontally results in

Answer 5

Faster evolutionary change compared to other organisms

Question 6

Non prokaryotes transfer genetic material

Answer 6

Vertically

Question 7

Transferring genetic information vertically is a

Answer 7

Slower process

Question 8

Horizontal gene transfer is when

Answer 8

Genes are transferred between individuals in the same generation

Question 9

Vertical gene transfer is when

Answer 9

Genes are transferred from parent to offspring

Question 10

Vertical gene transfer can happen through

Answer 10

• Sexual reproduction
• Asexual reproduction

Question 11

Sexual reproduction involves

Answer 11

Two genetically different parents

Question 12

Sexual reproduction is when

Answer 12

Offspring inherit different combinations of genes from each parent causing variation

Question 13

Asexual reproduction involves

Answer 13

one single parent

Question 14

Asexual reproduction is when

Answer 14

Offspring produced are genetically identical to the parent

Question 15

Types of selection

Answer 15

• Stabilising
• Directional
• Disruptive

Question 16

Stabilising selection is

Answer 16

An average phenotype is selected for and extremes of the phenotype range are selected against

Question 17

Example of stabilising selection

Answer 17

Human birth mass

Question 18

Directional stabilising is

Answer 18

One extreme of the phenotype range is selected for

Question 19

Example of directional stabilising

Answer 19

Bear mass during the ice age

Question 20

Disruptive stabilising is

Answer 20

Two or more phenotypes are selected for

Question 21

Example of disruptive stabilising

Answer 21

Dark and light mussels

Question 22

Speciation is

Answer 22

The generation of new biological species by evolution

Question 23

Stage 1 of speciation

Answer 23

Isolation

Question 24

Isolation is

Answer 24

A population is split into sub populations by an isolation barrier

Question 25

Isolation barriers prevent

Answer 25

gene flow between the sub populations

Question 26

Isolation barriers can be

Answer 26

- Geographical - Behavioural - Ecological

Question 27

Geographical isolation barriers lead to

Answer 27

Allopatric speciation

Question 28

Ecological isolation barriers lead to

Answer 28

sympatric speciation

Question 29

Behavioural isolation barriers lead to

Answer 29

sympatric speciation

Question 30

Stage 2 of speciation

Answer 30

Mutations occur randomly across the sub populations

Question 31

Stage 3 of speciation

Answer 31

Different selection pressures act on both sub populations

Question 32

Species is

Answer 32

A group of organisms that are capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring, and which does not normally interbreed with other groups

Question 33

Stages of allopatric speciation

Answer 33

- Isolation by barrier - Mutations - Natural selection - Barrier removed

Question 34

Stages of sympatric speciation

Answer 34

- Alternative ecological niche becomes available - Population using niche expands - Mutation occurs - Mutation favoured by natural selection

Question 35

Speciation results in

Answer 35

The two species can now no longer interbreed as they are too genetically different