1.7superficial back

Question 1

label and define the sites of this structure

Answer 1

scapula

1. flat triangular bone that overlies the thorax postero-laterally(superficially to tribs 2-7)
2. has
   
   1. two surfaces
      
      1. costal
      2. dorsal
   2. three borders
      
      1. superior
      2. lateral
      3. medial
   3. three angles
      
      1. lateral
      2. superior
      3. inferior
   4. three processes
      
      1. acromion
      2. spine
      3. coracoid process

Question 2

Question 3

list structures and discuss involvment with joints/muscles

Answer 3

1. fossae serve as attachment sites for three of the four rotator cuff muscles.
2. dorsal
   
   1. fossae-divided by spine
      
      1. supraspinous fossa
      2. infraspinous fossa
3. costal surface
   
   1. nearly all the subscapular fossa

Question 4

list structures and discuss involvment with joints/muscles

Answer 4

scapular processes-muscle attachment spots

1. spine
   
   1. projects dorsally from body
   2. acromion
      
      1. anterolateral projection of the spine, whch articulates with clavicle to form the acromioclavicular joint. it also arches over the glenohymeral joint
2. coracoid process
   
   1. projects forward and laterally from the neck of the scapula

Question 5

list structures and discuss involvment with joints/muscles

Answer 5

1. suprascapular notch
   
   1. located on the superior border of the scapula just medial to the coracoid process
   2. bridged by the superior transverse scapular ligament to form a foramen for subscapular nerve
2. spinoglenoid notch(greater scapular notch)
   
   1. located at the lateral free edge of the spine
   2. traversed by the suprascapular nerveand artery(headed to infraspinatus muscle)

Question 6

list structures and discuss involvment with joints/muscles

Answer 6

lateral angle of scapula

1. glenoid cavity
   
   1. articulates with the head of the humerus to form the glenohumeral joint
   2. deepened slightly by a fibro cartilaginous glenoid labrum
2. tubercles
   
   1. ​supraglenoid tubercle and infreaglenoid tubercle
   2. sites of muscle attachment for important muscles

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

what is this photo categorizing? mention the innervation source from the spine

Answer 8

Three layers of back muscles

1. extrinsic-innervated by the anterior rami + cranial nerves
   
   1. superficial
   2. intermediate
2. intrinsic-innervated by the dorsal rami
   
   1. deep

Question 9

what is group of muscles are these? List them and breifly describe their embryological journey to placment

Answer 9

superficial groups

1. layer 1
   
   1. trapezius
   2. latissimus dorsi
2. second layer
   
   1. levator scapulae
   2. rhomboid minor
   3. rhomboid major

they migrate to the back during embryonic development, carrying their innervation from the anterior rami of spinal nerves with them.

Question 10

What is the muscle shown? provide function, origin/insertion, blood supply and nerve supply

Answer 10

1. function
   
   1. suspend the shoulder girdle, elevate, depress or retract the scapula, rotate the glenoid cavity upward during abduction of the humerus above horizontal
2. origin/insertion
   
   1. takes origin from the
      
      1. externa occipital protuberance
      2. superior nuchal line
      3. nuchal ligament
      4. spinoud processes of C7-T12
   2. interts
      
      1. lateral 1/3 of the clavicle
      2. acromion
      3. spine of scapula
3. blood supply
   
   1. superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery
4. nerve supply
   
   1. accessory nerve(cranial nerve XI)
   2. ​supplied byspinal nerves from C3 and C4
      
      1. ​for proprioception

Question 11

What is the muscle shown? provide function, origin/insertion, blood supply and nerve supply

Answer 11

latissimus dorsi- superficial muscle

1. function
   
   1. extends adduct, and medially rotates the humerus
   2. raises thebody toward the arms
      
      1. pull ups
2. origin/insertion
   
   1. origin
      
      1. spinous process of thethoracic vertebrae 6-12
      2. thoracolumbar fasci
      3. posterior 1/3 of the iliac crest
      4. inferior 3 or 4 ribs
   2. insertion
      
      1. floor of intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
3. blood supply
   
   1. thoracodorsal artery
4. nerve supply
   
   1. thoracodorsal nerve
      
      1. C6-C8 posterior cord

Question 12

What is the muscle shown? provide function, origin/insertion, blood supply and nerve supply

Answer 12

rhombdoid minor and major

1. function
   
   1. retract scapula and rotate it to depress glenoid cavity
   2. fix scapula to thoracic wall
2. origin/insertion
   
   1. minor
      
      1. origin
         
         1. nuchal ligament
         2. spinous processes C7-T1
      2. insertion
         
         1. triangular area at the medial end of the scapular spine
   2. major
      
      1. origin
         
         1. spinous processes of T2-T5
      2. isertion
         
         1. medial border of the sxapula between the spine and the inferior angle
3. blood supply
   
   1. dorsal scapular artery
4. nerve
   
   1. dorsal scapular nerve from C5

Question 13

What is the muscle shown? provide function, origin/insertion, blood supply and nerve supply

Answer 13

Levator scapulae-superficial backe muscle

1. function
   
   1. elevates the scapula
2. origin/insertion
   
   1. origin
      
      1. transverse processes of vertebrae C1-C4
   2. inertion
      
      1. medial borderof the scapula superior to the root of the spine
3. blood
   
   1. dorsal scapular artery
4. nerve
   
   1. nerv C5
   2. anterior rami spinal nerves C3-C4

Question 14

name superficial muscles of back

Question 15

Patient X apears to his physician for an injury assesment.

1. drooping of the should
2. inability to raise the arm above the head
3. weakness in attempting to raise the should

what could have happened? Think neurological

Answer 15

Interruption of the accessory nerve(XI) brings along weakness to the trapezius

1. presenting with
   
   1. drooping of the shouler
   2. unable to raise arm above head
      
      1. b/c of impaired rotation of scapula
   3. weakness in attempting to raise the shoulder
      
      1. shrug the shoulder against resistance

Question 16

Jim received an injury and now he cannot do the following

1. pull body upward while climbing
2. pull up

what could have happened? think neurologicall

Answer 16

injury to the thoracodorsal nerve

1. generates weakness in the latissimus dorsi
2. results
   
   1. diminished capacity to pull body up while climbing and cannot pull up

Question 17

Jerry goes to doctor after injury and presents with the following in the photo. what nerve could have been damaged?

Answer 17

Question 18

What is the muscle shown? provide function, origin/insertion, blood supply and nerve supply

Answer 18

intermediate back muscles

1. function
   
   1. respiratory
      
      1. serratus posterior superior
         
         1. elevates the upper ribs
      2. serratur posterior inferior
         
         1. depresses the lower ribs
2. origin/inertion
   
   1. serratus posterior superior
      
      1. origin
         
         1. spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T3, through the nuchal ligament
      2. insertion
         
         1. ribs 2-5
   2. serratus posterior inferior
      
      1. origin
         
         1. spinou processes of vertebrae T11-L2 and supraspinous ligaments
      2. inertion
         
         1. ribs 9-12
3. blood supply
   
   1. intercostal arteries
4. nerve supply
   
   1. anterior rami of intercostal nerves

Question 19

Answer 19

branches of subclavian artery

1. first part
   
   1. vertebral artery
   2. internal thoracic artery
   3. thyrocervical trunk
2. second part
   
   1. costocervical artery
3. third part
   
   1. dorsal scapular artery
4. thyrocervical trunk
   
   1. inferior thyroid artery
   2. transverse cervical artery
      
      1. superficial branch
      2. deep branch
   3. suprascapular artery

Question 20

Jim is about to get his lungs listened to by the doctor. Where is the doctor auscultating lung sounds from?

Answer 20

triangle of auscultation

1. boundaries
   
   1. medial
      
      1. trapezius muscle
   2. inferior
      
      1. latissimus dorsi
   3. lateral-medial border of scapula and rhomboid major muscle

Question 21

jerry is in the hospital with superficial back pain. a bump on his back developed after a work out.

What may have happened and what structure is prone to this?

Answer 21

lumbar triangle

1. boundaries
   
   1. medial
      
      1. latissimus dorsi muscle
   2. lateral
      
      1. external oblique muscle
   3. inferior
      
      1. illiac crest

Question 22

list the branches from the segments of the subclavian artery

Answer 22

sections

1. Vertebral, thyrocervical trunk
2. Costocervical artery
3. subscapular artery