1780s

Question 1

Watt invented Rotary Motion

Answer 1

1781. It meant that steam power could be used more effectively. It became predominant in production and the use of industrial power.

Question 2

New process invented for Smelting of Iron

Answer 2

1784.

Question 3

Sinking Fund

Answer 3

1786
Introduced as a measure to restore the National Debt. Pitt would put £1 million a year into the Sinking Fund from taxes. It cut the debt by £10 million. Failure as War time policy.

Question 4

Anglo-French Trade Treaty

Answer 4

1786

Both countries agreed to reduce duties on imports from the other country (England and France).

Question 5

Consolidation Act

Answer 5

1787
Pitt lowered, simplified or removed customs duties on improrts & exports. Book of Rates published rate of duty for each item, tax collection was easier and efficient. Taxes on tea, wine and tobacco reduced which decreased smuggling.

Question 6

Cartwright invented the Power Loom

Answer 6

1789
Industrialisation was impacting the cotton industry. Handloom weavers suffered as a result of the power loom- they replaced their jobs.

Question 7

Start of the French Revolution

Answer 7

1789
Caused unrest and fear in England. Corresponding Societies sprung up in London and many people started wanting reform but the government was scared and took a step back away from reform towards repression.