1760's Flashcards
What royal proclamation was made in October 1763?
Colonists couldn’t go past proclamation line in the Appalachian mountains, 10k troops placed on line
What happened in the 1763 Peace of Paris?
French relinquished all of Canada, greater lakes and east Mississippi to the British - needed to create new colonial system as territory had more than doubled
What caused Pontiac’s rebellion, when and where was it fought?
Lakes Michigan and Huron, eastern Illinois and Ohio, British vs NA, NA feared that British would take their land?
What did General Jeffrey Amherst do during Pontiac’s rebellion?
Reduced gifts to NA Chiefs, limited ammunition and gun powder sold to NA to prevent uprising, but mainly used for hunting and fur skin trade
What happened during Pontiac’s rebellion?
NA attacked british troops and slaughtered people, British military put bounty on NA above age of 10
What were the Casualties of Pontiac’s rebellion?
450 British soldiers killed, 2k settlers killed 4k fled, estimated under 1/2 million NA died, mainly due to Small pox epidemic - unreliable nos
What were the colonists attitudes to British military intervention?
They felt that they didnt require it
What did William Pitt do during the 7 years war?
1757 militia act meant more troops to protect the colonies, sent 25k troops under lord Amherst and Wolfe, 45k troops sent by 1758, changed policy of British troops taking precedence over colonial troops
What did Pitt do in regard to finances during the 7 years war?
Paid the Prussians to attack France so they couldn’t reinforce, Pitt secured loans and increased taxes to fund war
How did the Navy help Britain win the 7 years war?
French couldn’t supply troops (starve), couldn’t send reinforcements, attack on Louisbourg not possible w/out naval supremacy, Lord Anson (first lord of admiralty) carried reforms which allowed expansion of navy
How did French weakness help the Colonies during the 7 years war?
Small numbers, lived in infertile conditions so depended on imports, couldn’t trade w/ NA so NA less willing to help French
Who were the key individuals of the 7 years war?
Lord Loudon introduced Militia, and came up w/ tactics for Louisbourg, Quebec and Montreal, Duke of Newcastle persuaded Pitt to send finances to Prussia, him and Pitt convinced George II and help raise funds for the war
How had national debt been impacted by the 7 years war?
It had nearly doubled
What did the April 1764 Sugar Act entail?
Price of molasses from 6d per gallon to 3d, taxed other foreign goods like wine and coffee, caused a decline in rum industry, couldn’t trade w/ foreign places e.g. madeira and canary islands, gave customs officials more power to actually collect taxes, custom officials fined if they took bribes
What minor acts did George Grenville pass?
Custom officials had to live in NA, allowed judges to enforce law by reducing partisan juries
Why did the stamp act cause tension in the colony?
Gave it a year’s notice, anything paper had to have a stamp, levied @ a lower rate in America, estimated to raise £60K in first year - 1/4 amount needed for colonial defence. It was the first direct tax levied by parliament, should colonists be taxed by a body in which they weren’t represented
What were the 7 resolutions in the Virginia resolves?
Colonists: possessed right of englishmen, protected by charter, only to be taxed if they had proper representation, had right to give consent to law; only colonial assembly could tax colonists, by end of 1765 8 other colonies had published similar resolutions
When was the stamp act repealed?
1766
What happened in October 1765?
Boycott of British goods- started by sons of liberty
What act followed after the repealing of the Stamp act?
The declaratory act - can still tax colonists and pass legislation in them
What were the Townshend Duties?
1767 - Chancellor Charles Townshend believed America should pay more for troops living there so taxed imports on external trade, aim to ensure colonists accepted that elected assemblies were subordinate to british parliament
What was the reaction to the Townshend duties?
In 1768 Massachusetts denounced it, in 1769 all british colonies bar New Hampshire boycotting British trade, Massachusetts told to repeal letter, they didn’t so the governor shut down the colonial assembly
What the 1765 quartering act?
Give british troops a place to stay and food - enforced in Townshend duties
What did Townshend do in reaction to New York denying the quartering act?
Passed 1767 NY restraining act - suspended assembly until it complied
When and who formed the Sons of liberty?
Samuel Adams and John Hancock - 1765
What was published in 1768?
‘Letters of a Pennsylvania Farmer’ - John Dickinson, an attack on the Townshend Duties
What was the April 1764 Currency act?
Banned colonial currency, made it harder for colonists to pay off debt as only British currency could be used, as british merchants wanted british currency, came @ end of war - severe economic depression, deflation caused by act, threatened navy with bankruptcy
