1750-1900 Vocab 1 ]

Question 1

Scientific Method

Answer 1

Logical procedure for gathering information about the natural world where experimentation and observation are used to test hypothesis

Question 2

Social contract

Answer 2

Agreement by which people define and limit their individual rights, thus creating an organized government (THOMAS HOBBES)

Question 3

Natural Rights

Answer 3

All people are born with right to life, liberty, and property, according to John Locke

Question 4

Enlightened Despot

Answer 4

18th Century Monarchs inspired by Enlightenment ideas, rule justly and respect rights of subjects (Frederick II of Prussia, Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II of Austria, Catherine the Great of Russia)

Question 5

Separation of Powers

Answer 5

Assignment of executive, legislative, and judicial powers to different groups of officials in a government

Question 6

Philosophes

Answer 6

Group of social thinkers in France during the enlightenment

Question 7

Federal System

Answer 7

system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and a number of individual states

Question 8

Checks and balances

Answer 8

Measures designed to prevent any one branch of government from dominating the others

Question 9

Old Regime

Answer 9

Political and social system that existed in France before the French Revolution, left over from the Middle Ages

Question 10

Estate

Answer 10

One of the three social classes in France before the French Revolution

Question 11

Bourgeoisie

Answer 11

In social and political theory, the social order dominated by the land owning class. In the 19th century, the term became associated with the middle class

Question 12

Coup d’etat

Answer 12

Sudden seizure of political power in a nation

Question 13

Plebiscite

Answer 13

A direct vote in which a country’s people have the opportunity to approve or reject a proposal

Question 14

Balance of Power

Answer 14

Political institution in which no one nation is powerful enough to pose a threat to others

Question 15

Legitimacy

Answer 15

Hereditary right of a monarch to rule

Question 16

Conservatives

Answer 16

In the first half of the 19th century, Europeans who wanted to preserve the traditional monarchies of Europe (mostly wealthy landowners and nobles)

Question 17

Liberals

Answer 17

In the first half of the 19th century, Europeans who wanted to give more political power to elected parliaments (Mostly middle-class business leaders and merchants)

Question 18

Radicals

Answer 18

In 19th century, Europeans who favored drastic change to extend democracy to all people

Question 19

Socialism

Answer 19

An economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all

Question 20

Nation-state

Answer 20

An independent nation of people having a common culture and identity

Question 21

Nationalism

Answer 21

The belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation- that is, to the people with whom they share a common culture and history, rather than to a king or empire

Question 22

Zionism

Answer 22

19th century nationalist movement for the establishment of a Jewish national or religious community in Palestine

Question 23

Self-determination

Answer 23

The determining by the people of the form their government shall have, without reference to the wishes of any other nation, especially by people of a territory or former colony