17.4 Families of organic compounds

Question 1

What does the name of the organic compound tell you?

Answer 1

The name of the organic compound tells you which family it belongs to and how many carbon atoms are in it.

Question 2

If the name ends in -ane

Answer 2

the compound belongs to the family of the alkanes

Question 3

If the name ends in -ene

Answer 3

the compound belongs to the family of the alkenes

Question 4

If the name ends in -ol

Answer 4

the compound belongs to the family of the alcohols.

Question 5

If the name ends in -oic acid

Answer 5

the compound belongs to the family of the carboxylic acids.

Question 6

methane

Answer 6

1

Question 7

ethane

Answer 7

2

Question 8

propane

Answer 8

3

Question 9

butane

Answer 9

4

Question 10

pentane

Answer 10

5

Question 11

hexane

Answer 11

6

Question 12

heptane

Answer 12

7

Question 13

octane

Answer 13

8

Question 14

nonane

Answer 14

9

Question 15

decane

Answer 15

10

Question 16

The alkanes

Answer 16

The alkanes contain only carbon and hydrogen, so they are hydrocarbons.
The bonds between their carbon atoms are all single bonds.

Question 17

The alkenes

Answer 17

The alkenes are hydrocarbons.
All alkenes contain carbon – carbon double bonds.
The C=C bond is called their functional group.

Question 18

The alcohols

Answer 18

The alcohols are not hydrocarbons.
They are like the alkanes, but with an OH group.
The OH group is their functional group.

Question 19

The carboxylic acids

Answer 19

The carboxylic acids are not hydrocarbons.
All carboxylic acids contain the COOH group.
The COOH group is their functional group.

Question 20

Functional groups

Answer 20

A functional group is the part of a molecule that largely dictates how the molecule will react.

Question 21

Homologous series

Answer 21

A homologous series is a group of organic compounds that have similar chemical properties, due to them having

Question 22

In a homologous series, as the chain gets longer,

Answer 22

melting and boiling points rise
viscosity increases
flammability decreases