17.4 Families of organic compounds Flashcards

1
Q

What does the name of the organic compound tell you?

A

The name of the organic compound tells you which family it belongs to and how many carbon atoms are in it.

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2
Q

If the name ends in -ane

A

the compound belongs to the family of the alkanes

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3
Q

If the name ends in -ene

A

the compound belongs to the family of the alkenes

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4
Q

If the name ends in -ol

A

the compound belongs to the family of the alcohols.

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5
Q

If the name ends in -oic acid

A

the compound belongs to the family of the carboxylic acids.

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6
Q

methane

A

1

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7
Q

ethane

A

2

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8
Q

propane

A

3

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9
Q

butane

A

4

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10
Q

pentane

A

5

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11
Q

hexane

A

6

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12
Q

heptane

A

7

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13
Q

octane

A

8

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14
Q

nonane

A

9

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15
Q

decane

A

10

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16
Q

The alkanes

A

The alkanes contain only carbon and hydrogen, so they are hydrocarbons.
The bonds between their carbon atoms are all single bonds.

17
Q

The alkenes

A

The alkenes are hydrocarbons.
All alkenes contain carbon – carbon double bonds.
The C=C bond is called their functional group.

18
Q

The alcohols

A

The alcohols are not hydrocarbons.
They are like the alkanes, but with an OH group.
The OH group is their functional group.

19
Q

The carboxylic acids

A

The carboxylic acids are not hydrocarbons.
All carboxylic acids contain the COOH group.
The COOH group is their functional group.

20
Q

Functional groups

A

A functional group is the part of a molecule that largely dictates how the molecule will react.

21
Q

Homologous series

A

A homologous series is a group of organic compounds that have similar chemical properties, due to them having

22
Q

In a homologous series, as the chain gets longer,

A

melting and boiling points rise
viscosity increases
flammability decreases