1700-1900 Dates

Question 1

When was the Germ Theory?

Answer 1

1861

Louis Pasteur’s discovery led him to the theory that germs might cause disease.

Question 2

When was Robert Koch’s work on microbes?

Answer 2

1876) using a dye that would stain microbes, he discovered the microbe that caused anthrax
1882) found the bacteria that caused TB and typhoid
1883) discovered cholera

Question 3

When did Edward Jenner develop vaccination?

Answer 3

1796

-Opposition) Jenner couldn’t explain how it worked, some thought it was against God’s law to give people an animal disease, Royal Society thought it too revolutionary.

Question 4

When did Joseph Lister discover that carbolic acid can be used in antiseptic surgery?

Answer 4

1865

• the acid cleared bacteria from the wounds of patients
• Opposition) unpleasant to use, dried out skin and left a strange smell,

Question 5

When did James Simpson discover chloroform as an anaesthetic?

Answer 5

1847

Problems/Opposition) Doctors had to carefully control dosage to prevent overdose, doctors attempted more complex surgery while the patient was asleep, thought it unnatural or went against God

Question 6

When did Florence Nightingale set up the Nightingale School for Nurses?

Answer 6

1860

-Her school taught nurses the importance of cleanliness and sanitation, changed nursing techniques

Question 7

When did John Snow investigate Cholera?

Answer 7

1854

-Snow noticed that the deaths on Broad Street were linked to the water pump
-He removed the water pump handle. There were no deaths.
He was able to prove that cholera was linked to dirty water, it was a factor in having the government agree to a new sewer system.

Question 8

When was the new sewer system designed by Joseph Bazalgette completed?

Answer 8

1865

Question 9

When was Edwin Chadwick’s report on the conditions of the poor published?

Answer 9

1842

-Concluded that people living in the cities had a lower life expectancy because of the conditions

Question 10

When was the first Public Health Act?

Answer 10

1848

Cities were ENCOURAGED to set up Boards of Health and provide clean wear supplies, while many did not.

Question 11

When was the second Public Health Act?

Answer 11

1875
Cities were FORCED to improve sanitary conditions by providing clean water, building sewers, building public toilets, etc.