17 - Reactivity trends Flashcards
What is disproportionation?
When an element is both oxidised and reduced in a single reaction
What are the 2 reactions we need to know to do with disproportionation?
Adding chlorine to water
Making household bleach
Give the reaction for adding chlorine to water and explain why disproportionation happens
Cl~2 (aq) + H~2 O (l)
–>
HClO (aq) + HCl (aq)
The chlorine starts with an oxidation state of 0
But it ends up with -1 state in the HCl and +1 state in HClO so it has been oxidised and reduced
Give the reaction for making household bleach and explain why disproportionation happens
Cl~2 (aq) + 2NaOH (aq)
–>
NaCl (aq) + NaClO (aq) + H~2 O
Cl goes to -1 in NaCl and to +1 in NaClO
What is the advantage and disadvantage to adding chlorine to water?
Advantage is that bacteria is killed so water is drinkable
Disadvantage is the chlorine is toxic in high quantities
What makes a chemical a bleach?
It has a ClO- ion
NaClO and HClO are both bleach
What is the boiling point of group 17 elements like and why?
Low boiling points because the element only have London forces and are simple covalent
What happens to boiling point as you go down group 17 and why?
As you go down, boiling point increases
Because there are more electrons so there are more London forces
What happens to reactivity as you go down group 17 and why?
As you go down, the elements get less reactive
Because:
Radius and shielding increase
What is redox displacement?
Where you have a halide ion and a halogen which is more reactive than the halide and the negative charge goes from the halide onto the other halogen
The halogen becomes a halide ion and the halide ion becomes a halogen
In redox displacement
What happens when the halide is more reactive than the halogen?
No reaction happens because the halogen isn’t reactive enough to displace the halide
What is the reaction for the redox displacement of chlorine and bromide?
Cl~2 + 2Br-
–>
2Cl- + Br~2
What is redox displacement used for?
To find out which halide you have by making it into a halogen and looking at the colour change
Redox displacement is different to halide tests
What are the colours of the different halogens in both water and cyclohexane?
Solution in water:
Cl~2 is pale green
Br~2 is orange
I~2 is brown
Solution is cyclohexane:
Cl~2 is pale green
Br~2 is orange
I~2 is violet
Notice that only the iodine changes colour from water to cyclohexane
How do you do halide tests?
Different to redox displacement
Dissolve halide in water
Add aqueous silver nitrate
Silver halide precipitate is formed and its colour tells us what the halide is