17 - metabolic diseases of ruminants Flashcards
1
Q
microbial digestion of CHOs/protein by rumen bugs -> ?
A
microbial protein, VFA, B vit
2
Q
(the microbes)
- what is the byproduct of fermentation?
A
- VFA + B vitamins
3
Q
(types of bugs)
- fiber digesting: hemi(cellulose), ammonia -> what? (mostly)
- NFC digesting: starch/sugars/AA/ammonia -> what? (mostly)
why important?
why is Strep Bovis important?
- Protozoa: do what?
- Fungi: do what?
A
- acetate
- proprionate
major glucose precursor
makes lactic acid -> rumen acidosis
- sequester CHOs from S. Bovis
- make cracks in fiber so bacteria can get in
4
Q
(Fate of VFAs)
- what happens to them?
- to proprionate?
- acetate (from fiber) causes what?
- butyrate?
- VFAs provide how much of cow’s energy?
A
- absorbed across rumen wall -> enter circulation
- glucose production in live, lactose precursor
- synth of milk fat in mammary gland
- minor
- 60-80%
5
Q
- what does it mean to freshen?
- what is a springing hefer?
need a longer what?
A
- onset of lactation after cow gives birth
- pregnant hefer close to calving for the first time
close up period
6
Q
(give the proper ration for each of these periods)
- first 3-4 weeks of dry
- last 3-4 weeks of dry (prod of colostrum)
- first 3-4 weeks of lactation
- if no transition period will get what?
A
- higher fiber/lower energy ration
- ^ density of diets (need to prepare rumen bugs/papillae for lactating diet)
- huge nutrient demand, intake not ^ enough to meet energy demands, time of metabolic stress and pathology
- acidosis
7
Q
(Close-up ration: Rumen changes in response to ^ grain feeding)
- ^ starch diet shifts bacteria to what kind of producers?
- this stims growth of bac that convert the thing from 1 to what?
- thing from 2 absorbed by what?
A
- lactate (quick ∆)
- VFAs (4 wks)
- papilla (5 wks to develop)
8
Q
(More problems,,,)
- DMI decreases 5-7 days before birth - why?
- freshen at what BCS?
A
- hormonal ∆, space things
- 3.25 - 3.5
