02 - minerals

Question 1

(Calcium)

1. def?
2. tox?

Answer 1

1. rickets (young)

peripartum milk fever, osteoporosis (old)

2. calcification of soft tissues

Question 2

(Phosphorus)

1. regulated same as Ca - except for what?
2. Def?
3. tox?

Answer 2

1. can be recycled out of blood into saliva and reswallowed
2. rickets (young)

osteomalacia, postparturient hemoglobinuria, acute hypophosphatemia (old)

3. urinary calculi, algae-bloom, fish die offs

Question 3

(Potassium)

1. def?
2. what causes hypokalemic downer cows?

Answer 3

1. poor doer, repro problem
2. repeat corticosteroids (-> ^ kidney excretion)

Question 4

(sodium)

1. ruminants absorb where?
2. def?

extreme def?

3. tox?

Answer 4

1. any part of GI
2. ↓ feed intake, ↓ milk prod, unthrifty

incoordination, weakness, death

3. udder edema, salt toxicosis

Question 5

(copper)

1. important for?
2. def?
3. tox?

Answer 5

1. collagen/elastin, iron abs -> hemoglobin synth, melanin prod
2. loss of hair pigment, spectacles over eyes (melanin)
3. copper stored in liver -> stress -> hemolysis -> death

Question 6

(iodine)

1. used be what for what?
2. what interfere with iodine uptake or synth/secretion of hormones?
3. def

mother or calf more affected?

in adults?

Answer 6

1. thyroid for energy metabolism
2. goitrogens (soybeas, beat pulp, corn, etc.)
3. calf (mother takes what she needs first) -> goiter in calves

enlarged thyroid, gen bad stuff

Question 7

(molybdenum)

1. tox?

Answer 7

1. interferes with copper abs

Question 8

(selenium)

1. antioxidant aka what?
2. in enzyme that does what?
3. source?
4. def?
5. dx for white musc dz?
6. def in adult?

Answer 8

1. glutathione peroxidase
2. converts T3 to T4
3. plant material -> extract from soils (coast deficient)
4. white musc dz (musc dystrophy -> often die of heart failure)
5. blood draw to check glutathion peroxidase activity
6. retained fetal membranes, abortions

Question 9

(Zinc)

1. zinc absorption impaired by?
2. genetic defect in what leads to dec abs?
3. supplementation rec for what?
4. def?

Answer 9

1. interactions w/ copper, iron, cadmium, calcium
2. duth-friesan
3. hoof health
4. parakeratosis on leg, head, neck, nostrils (looks like lice)